tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-73105406594958521872024-02-06T22:32:23.417-08:00Jackie's Historical FactsAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18135692495765366075noreply@blogger.comBlogger459125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7310540659495852187.post-59141445490609838702016-03-16T20:42:00.000-07:002016-03-16T21:08:34.125-07:00Constitutional Wallet- $24.99<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dwiFT1qjF9V7EEW4C6xRMNkvkGIWxzejTfsSIIxT-34sF3_aE-SjYgG1HguYeuHRTyOXdz8rQ5mvad9hSgCyg' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe>DON'T GET "CAUGHT" WITHOUT IT!!!</div>
<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18135692495765366075noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7310540659495852187.post-6557891257883227432016-02-11T07:46:00.001-08:002016-02-11T07:46:40.235-08:00Happy Black History Month-The New York Renaissance-All Black Professional Basketball Team<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinCBV2r8_0Ej4keYIqld9ixuh_RRmXV0kcM1mmKmaz1ZI33iiDBI6-HHByfXSwf2XZVfjktPPTgX9XWRp4WXxUrEnxsJzQ1nUGeY4ipUZLmJ2NP_qwaHCVlcSDcy5zL75uV6AbJtMi_IM/s1600/new+york.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinCBV2r8_0Ej4keYIqld9ixuh_RRmXV0kcM1mmKmaz1ZI33iiDBI6-HHByfXSwf2XZVfjktPPTgX9XWRp4WXxUrEnxsJzQ1nUGeY4ipUZLmJ2NP_qwaHCVlcSDcy5zL75uV6AbJtMi_IM/s200/new+york.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
The <b>New York Renaissance</b>, also known as the <b>Renaissance Big Five</b> and as the <b>Rens</b>, was an all-<a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_American" title="African American">black</a> professional <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">basketball</a> team established February 13, 1923, by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Douglas" title="Bob Douglas">Robert "Bob" Douglas</a> in agreement with the Renaissance Casino and Ballroom.<sup><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></sup>The Casino and Ballroom at 138th Street and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seventh_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Seventh Avenue (Manhattan)">Seventh Avenue</a> in Harlem was an entertainment complex including a ballroom that served as the Big Five's home court. Following each game, a dance took place. The success of the Rens shifted the focus of black basketball from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Fives" title="Black Fives">amateur</a> teams to professional teams. Initially, the Rens played mostly in Harlem, but by the end of the 1920s, as attendance began to dwindle, the team could be found more often playing on the road, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnstorm_(sports)" title="Barnstorm (sports)">barnstorming</a> across the country out of necessity. The Renaissance are also the topic of the 2011 <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Documentary" title="Documentary">documentary</a> <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Shoulders_of_Giants_(film)" title="On the Shoulders of Giants (film)">On the Shoulders of Giants</a></i>.<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGr_i5_ALSwjEby9i0ZNMLKI2PV1O57nGvXjEsnnY-GbACI7l4kiMZX_TDhlH2QZzex_7tAyOLp84qI3krwuyd9-QyU_4mseJEPhvR4y5ybSFtix-J5TUwMp19bFmUmEnq10h1eB6Sf5U/s1600/rens.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGr_i5_ALSwjEby9i0ZNMLKI2PV1O57nGvXjEsnnY-GbACI7l4kiMZX_TDhlH2QZzex_7tAyOLp84qI3krwuyd9-QyU_4mseJEPhvR4y5ybSFtix-J5TUwMp19bFmUmEnq10h1eB6Sf5U/s320/rens.jpg" width="168" /></a>The Rens were one of the dominant basketball teams of the 1920s and 1930s. They were originally known as the Spartan Braves of Brooklyn. The team played its first game on November 3, 1923. That night the Rens played a team of white players; interracial games featured regularly on their schedule, drawing the largest crowds. In its first years, the team strove to beat the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Original_Celtics" title="Original Celtics">Original Celtics</a>, the dominant white team of the time, and claim the title of world champions: in their fifth encounter, the Rens did so for the first time, on December 20, 1925.<sup><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></sup>During the 1932-33 regular season, the Rens compiled a record of 120-8 (six of those losses came at the hands of the Celtics, who the Rens did beat eight times).<sup><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></sup>During that season, the Rens won 88 consecutive games, a mark that has never been matched by a professional basketball team. In 1939, the Rens won the first professional basketball championship, when they beat the Oshkosh All-Stars, a white team, 34-25, in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Professional_Basketball_Tournament" title="World Professional Basketball Tournament">World Professional Basketball Tournament</a> in Chicago.<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2HOhyphenhyphenQ0odTGrKrDD7_T3NZV-7SdtOQhpgRcn8w4stYYsU_gdAHk0dPy2k2fRgRvWUK66gVvtYessS7A6HgMHUXjYX5K78BSzI4M_mwcyzwUWcBI4ObCAVaK2QlR52uc_sQ_D9JOO4F3Q/s1600/rens_lobby.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="155" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2HOhyphenhyphenQ0odTGrKrDD7_T3NZV-7SdtOQhpgRcn8w4stYYsU_gdAHk0dPy2k2fRgRvWUK66gVvtYessS7A6HgMHUXjYX5K78BSzI4M_mwcyzwUWcBI4ObCAVaK2QlR52uc_sQ_D9JOO4F3Q/s200/rens_lobby.jpg" width="200" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-e2veoRHkO4y8D4zFuMIy90JR1uhAp0l2Wm0YhA5XCB2UPERYOuyAeq2xE-iNOylQHMN5yRsaYx2Y7apHO0K5FhyphenhyphenuImYKf3IZaD_3ulAodzu-KheFJ5HeBAIWhi9blSWBifBFAbOCN8M/s1600/rens_win.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-e2veoRHkO4y8D4zFuMIy90JR1uhAp0l2Wm0YhA5XCB2UPERYOuyAeq2xE-iNOylQHMN5yRsaYx2Y7apHO0K5FhyphenhyphenuImYKf3IZaD_3ulAodzu-KheFJ5HeBAIWhi9blSWBifBFAbOCN8M/s320/rens_win.jpg" width="200" /></a>The team compiled a 2588-539 record over its history. Some of the longest-serving and best-known early Rens were <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fats_Jenkins" title="Fats Jenkins">Clarence "Fats" Jenkins</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pappy_Ricks" title="Pappy Ricks">Pappy Ricks</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyre_Saitch" title="Eyre Saitch">Eyre Saitch</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarzan_Cooper" title="Tarzan Cooper">Charles "Tarzan" Cooper</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Yancey" title="Bill Yancey">Bill Yancey</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wee_Willie_Smith" title="Wee Willie Smith">"Wee" Willie Smith</a>. In 1936, the Renaissance became the first top-level team to sign a four-year African American college star, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_%22Big_Dave%22_DeJernett" title="David "Big Dave" DeJernett">David "Big Dave" DeJernett</a> of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Indianapolis" title="University of Indianapolis">Indiana Central</a>.<br />
The Rens disbanded in 1949 after completing the 1948/49 season of the racially integrated <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Basketball_League_(United_States)" title="National Basketball League (United States)">National Basketball League</a> as the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dayton_Rens" title="Dayton Rens">Dayton Rens</a> based in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dayton,_Ohio" title="Dayton, Ohio">Dayton, Ohio</a>. That was also the final season for the NBL, which merged with the all-white <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball_Association_of_America" title="Basketball Association of America">Basketball Association of America</a> to form the also (initially) all-white <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">National Basketball Association</a>.<br />
The Naismith Memorial <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball_Hall_of_Fame" title="Basketball Hall of Fame">Basketball Hall of Fame</a> inducted the New York Renaissance collectively in 1963.<sup><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></sup><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span><br />
5 of the Rens are individual members: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarzan_Cooper" title="Tarzan Cooper">Tarzan Cooper</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop_Gates" title="Pop Gates">Pop Gates</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nat_Clifton" title="Nat Clifton">Nat Clifton</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Isaacs" title="John Isaacs">John Isaacs</a> and founder and coach <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Douglas" title="Bob Douglas">Bob Douglas</a>.<br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18135692495765366075noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7310540659495852187.post-87303113276668570302016-02-11T06:33:00.000-08:002016-02-11T06:33:14.750-08:00The Original Statue of Liberty is Black<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh63QV0b_9MsrQIYCsWgGOAhjNu1Hppzhc0RLvOAtRIazK9R_8njZf7uuIJ_DYcPiDztjiJDYnfxkaTaasi-xR6IvRzH14qfZRs06D_FagzwoEDDRe-PwcLpfovs8Hddv1BjvViZmUV7-g/s1600/black-statue-of-liberty.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh63QV0b_9MsrQIYCsWgGOAhjNu1Hppzhc0RLvOAtRIazK9R_8njZf7uuIJ_DYcPiDztjiJDYnfxkaTaasi-xR6IvRzH14qfZRs06D_FagzwoEDDRe-PwcLpfovs8Hddv1BjvViZmUV7-g/s320/black-statue-of-liberty.png" width="213" /></a><strong>Did you know the Original Statue of Liberty presented to the U.S. was a Statue of a…”Black Woman”?</strong> In a book called “The Journey of The Songhai People”, according to Dr. Jim Haskins, a member of the National Education Advisory Committee of the Liberty-Ellis Island Committee, professor of English at the University of Florida, and prolific Black author, points out that what stimulated the original idea for that 151 foot statue in the harbor.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUyaGXrk1CccZuI6zcrioyNsb2z6p7CnIguEV2nceJ9NKEskZXkjP9-taJ6pDBmgonkYD00Zh-QDaB6rBAuMqpne5x-l5GMlZ9JJPafqghUB_oeYdY-0J4OX2ZU_79xZuhfbR4fYKHMWs/s1600/10-civil-war-black-troops-granger.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="201" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUyaGXrk1CccZuI6zcrioyNsb2z6p7CnIguEV2nceJ9NKEskZXkjP9-taJ6pDBmgonkYD00Zh-QDaB6rBAuMqpne5x-l5GMlZ9JJPafqghUB_oeYdY-0J4OX2ZU_79xZuhfbR4fYKHMWs/s320/10-civil-war-black-troops-granger.jpg" width="320" /></a>Haskins says that what stimulated the idea for the creation of the statue initially was the part that Black soldiers played in the ending of Black African Bondage in the United States. It was created in the mind of the French historian Edourd de Laboulaye, chairman of the French Anti-Slavery Society, who, together with sculptor Frederic Auguste Bartholdi, proposed to the French government that the people of France present to the people of the United States through the American Abolitionist Society, the gift of a Statue of Liberty in recognition of the fact that Black soldiers won the Civil War in the United States.<br />
It was widely known then that it was Black soldiers who played the pivotal role in winning the war, and this gift would be a tribute to their prowess. Suzanne Nakasian, director of the Statue of Liberty, Ellis Island Foundations’ National Ethnic Campaign said that the Black Americans’ direct connection to Lady Liberty is unknown to the majority of Americans, BLACK or WHITE.<br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18135692495765366075noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7310540659495852187.post-73095491262733601562016-02-10T11:17:00.001-08:002016-02-10T11:17:16.822-08:00Richard T. Greener-1st AA Graduate of Harvard Univ. & Dean of Howard Univ. School of Law<h4>
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</a>Richard Theodore Greener was the 1st <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African-American" title="African-American">African-American</a> graduate of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_College" title="Harvard College">Harvard College</a> and D<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dean_(education)" title="Dean (education)">ean</a> of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_University_School_of_Law" title="Howard University School of Law">Howard University School of Law</a>. Greener quit school in his mid-teens to earn money for his family, but one of his employers, Franklin B. Sanborn, helped him to enroll in preparatory school at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oberlin_College" title="Oberlin College">Oberlin College</a>. He studied at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phillips_Academy" title="Phillips Academy">Phillips Academy</a> and graduated in 1865. After three years at Oberlin, Greener transferred to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_College" title="Harvard College">Harvard College</a> and earned a bachelor's degree in 1870. His admission to Harvard was "an experiment" by the administration and paved the way for many more black graduates of Harvard. After teaching for two years at the Institute for Colored Youth in Philadelphia and then serving as principal at the Preparatory School for Colored Children in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, Greener accepted the professorship of mental and moral philosophy at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_South_Carolina" title="University of South Carolina">University of South Carolina</a> in October 1873, where he was the university's 1st African-American faculty member and where he also served as a librarian there helping to "reorganize and catalog the library's holdings which were in disarray after the Civil War". When the university was closed in June 1877 by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade_Hampton_III" title="Wade Hampton III">Wade Hampton III</a> and the newly elected Democratic regime, Greener moved to Washington, D.C., where he took a position as a clerk in the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Treasury_Department" title="United States Treasury Department">United States Treasury Department</a> and as a professor in the Howard Law School. He served as dean of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_University_School_of_Law" title="Howard University School of Law">Howard University School of Law</a> from 1878 to 1880 and opened a law practice. In 2009, some of his personal papers were discovered in the attic of an abandoned home on the south side of Chicago by a member of a demolition crew.</h4>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18135692495765366075noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7310540659495852187.post-20720890367049289932016-02-10T10:39:00.001-08:002016-02-10T10:39:24.655-08:00Robert T. Freeman-1st Black Dentist<h2>
Robert Tanner Freeman is the 1st professionally trained black <a href="http://www.blackpast.org/entries-categories/dentists" title="dentist">dentist</a> in the United States. <span style="font-size: small;">A child of </span><a href="http://www.blackpast.org/aah/bibliography_subjects/Antebellum+Slavery" title="slaves"><span style="font-size: small;">slaves</span></a><span style="font-size: small;">, he eventually entered Harvard University and graduated only four years after the end of the </span><a href="http://www.blackpast.org/donald-l-logan-civil-war-memorial-page" title="Civil War"><span style="font-size: small;">Civil War</span></a><span style="font-size: small;"> on May 18, 1869.</span></h2>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZe8ooPT8oAghjtcyIuB4-Bc27osLYSMAn5eihUK6T0yyVOt6I5RZhwXjZfAAr15OUvm6ZSLZu-yhZRCedVMqddaFgKuHJmAqAMnRPteh5_lwEVvhRC7f0COFYkVSQrB98-bpLmzdQnAE/s1600/freeman1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZe8ooPT8oAghjtcyIuB4-Bc27osLYSMAn5eihUK6T0yyVOt6I5RZhwXjZfAAr15OUvm6ZSLZu-yhZRCedVMqddaFgKuHJmAqAMnRPteh5_lwEVvhRC7f0COFYkVSQrB98-bpLmzdQnAE/s200/freeman1.jpg" width="200" /></a>Robert Tanner Freeman was born in <a href="http://www.blackpast.org/entries-categories/washington-dc" title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> in 1846. His <a href="http://www.blackpast.org/entries-categories/slave-freedmen" title="freedmen">formerly enslaved</a> parents took the surname “Freeman” as did countless other people after gaining their freedom from bondage. As a child, Robert befriended Henry Bliss Noble, a local white dentist in the District of Columbia. Freeman began working as an apprentice to Dr. Noble and continued until he was a young adult. Dr. Noble encouraged young Robert to apply to dental colleges. <br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlxOBLqhCPljhqcGOeqLDY5yHoQk40C5_u99zXWuJ110SlNngjnTdfn73HlYcqCuhu3cSnBzILsNuc6cs26kWu2JaYweLjgHNo4ZQK7F1q4jGHSzPzjoDBysz12MVybRTgVbRDEbNgEPs/s1600/Robert_T__Freeman.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlxOBLqhCPljhqcGOeqLDY5yHoQk40C5_u99zXWuJ110SlNngjnTdfn73HlYcqCuhu3cSnBzILsNuc6cs26kWu2JaYweLjgHNo4ZQK7F1q4jGHSzPzjoDBysz12MVybRTgVbRDEbNgEPs/s200/Robert_T__Freeman.jpg" width="120" /></a>Two medical schools rejected Freeman’s application but with the encouragement of Dr. Nobel who had contacts at Harvard Medical School, Freeman applied there. Initially rejected, he was accepted into Harvard Medical School in 1867 at the age of 21, after a petition by Dean Nathan Cooley Keep to end the school’s historical exclusion of African Americans and other racial minorities. <br />
Robert Tanner Freeman and classmate <a href="http://www.blackpast.org/aah/grant-george-franklin-1847-1910" title="George Franklin Grant">George Franklin Grant</a> became the first blacks to enter the 1867 Harvard Dental School inaugural class of sixteen. Upon Freeman’s graduation in 1869, he and Grant became the first African American dentists in the United States. <br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivVSgCTtBfGxg7vYpvWtwYi77Xj8O8nkkdeR_bB4l1vo0HnMq2AM6sNwssxyiDxj5EZMzbS7ZffNi_T74uHgqjBFryMKP_uvm6ZpudnNyoDFXLl3bv0LgKHTnPduwciiHfV5nKXeoYtow/s1600/freeman.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivVSgCTtBfGxg7vYpvWtwYi77Xj8O8nkkdeR_bB4l1vo0HnMq2AM6sNwssxyiDxj5EZMzbS7ZffNi_T74uHgqjBFryMKP_uvm6ZpudnNyoDFXLl3bv0LgKHTnPduwciiHfV5nKXeoYtow/s200/freeman.jpg" width="156" /></a>Dr. Freeman returned to Washington, D.C. after his graduation to open his own practice. He became a pillar in the D.C. black community because of his commitment to mentoring other African American youth interested in the medical profession. Unfortunately, his death came in 1873, only four years after he received his dental school degree. While working in Washington, D.C. he contracted a water-borne disease although the records are unclear as to the specific disease. <br />
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<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18135692495765366075noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7310540659495852187.post-39425400684971312632016-02-09T22:51:00.000-08:002016-02-09T22:51:06.344-08:00<b>Thomas L. Jennings</b> (1791–1856) was an <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African-American" title="African-American">African-American</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradesman" title="Tradesman">tradesman</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">abolitionist</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York">New York</a>. He was an <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_American" title="African American">African American</a> who operated a tailoring and <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry-cleaning" title="Dry-cleaning">dry-cleaning</a> business, and in 1821 was the 1<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_African-American_firsts" title="List of African-American firsts">st African American</a> to be granted a P<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">atent</a>.<br />
Jennings became active in working for his race and civil rights for the black community. In 1831, he was selected as assistant secretary to the First Annual Convention of the People of Color in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>, which met in June 1831. He helped arrange legal defense for his daughter, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Jennings_Graham" title="Elizabeth Jennings Graham">Elizabeth Jennings</a>, in 1854 when she challenged a private streetcar company's segregation of seating and was arrested. She was defended by the young <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chester_Arthur" title="Chester Arthur">Chester Arthur</a>, and won her case the next year.<br />
With two other prominent black leaders, Jennings organized the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_Rights_Association" title="Legal Rights Association">Legal Rights Association</a> in 1855 in New York, which raised challenges to discrimination and organized legal defense for court cases. He founded and was a trustee of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abyssinian_Baptist_Church" title="Abyssinian Baptist Church">Abyssinian Baptist Church</a>, a leader in the black community.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-leslie_2-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_L._Jennings#cite_note-leslie-2"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span></span></span></a></sup><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhurCkPlgZj-Zc7ARMsz9B7VumbN57zAc7RSdQaf4tyUhROBH_eenytUT2JgSlhFxtEBV5vpkiQuatLQzcvdavuSo8yok3HPRgvsk2EVP_O5pJXiwMFv1ZrLMiG3WaqnmgyyuDWTMppn7w/s1600/dry+cleaning..jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="257" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhurCkPlgZj-Zc7ARMsz9B7VumbN57zAc7RSdQaf4tyUhROBH_eenytUT2JgSlhFxtEBV5vpkiQuatLQzcvdavuSo8yok3HPRgvsk2EVP_O5pJXiwMFv1ZrLMiG3WaqnmgyyuDWTMppn7w/s320/dry+cleaning..jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18135692495765366075noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7310540659495852187.post-83960004805229117342016-02-09T22:25:00.001-08:002016-02-09T22:25:23.051-08:00Big Mama Thornton, The Original "Hound Dog"<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMho-xrRpbcF7u2BMpZ1c_wMfo0TU-ilXq0fMRLjrfRilrBRmVlzMbN5OqEg8LiSuEhlS9k58Ycfv1fvWRYrlwCdCMq4HFe0eDuZJIe8-wiijuMZJ7zd3ObmwmzY3xYPfo7lTEPBaCGrY/s1600/Big+Mama+Thornton+-++The+Original+Hound+Dog.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMho-xrRpbcF7u2BMpZ1c_wMfo0TU-ilXq0fMRLjrfRilrBRmVlzMbN5OqEg8LiSuEhlS9k58Ycfv1fvWRYrlwCdCMq4HFe0eDuZJIe8-wiijuMZJ7zd3ObmwmzY3xYPfo7lTEPBaCGrY/s200/Big+Mama+Thornton+-++The+Original+Hound+Dog.jpg" width="200" /></a><strong>Willie Mae "Big Mama" Thornton</strong> was an American <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">rhythm and blues</a> singer and songwriter. She was the 1st to record <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Leiber_and_Mike_Stoller" title="Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller">Leiber and Stoller's</a> "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hound_Dog_(song)" title="Hound Dog (song)">Hound Dog</a>" in 1952, which became her biggest hit. It spent seven weeks at number one on the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_charts" title="Billboard charts">Billboard R&B charts</a> in 1953 and sold almost two million copies. However, her success was overshadowed three years later, when <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a> recorded his more popular rendition of "Hound Dog".<sup><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></sup>Similarly, Thornton's "<a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball_%27n%27_Chain" title="Ball 'n' Chain">Ball 'n' Chain</a>" (written in 1961 but not released until 1968) had a bigger impact when performed and recorded by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janis_Joplin" title="Janis Joplin">Janis Joplin</a> in the late 1960s. Thornton's performances were characterized by her deep, powerful voice and strong sense of self. She tapped into a liberated black feminist persona, through which she freed herself from many of the expectations of musical, lyrical, and physical practice for black women. She was given her nickname, "Big Mama," by Frank Schiffman, manager of Harlem's <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_Theater" title="Apollo Theater">Apollo Theater</a>, due to her big voice, size, and personality. Thornton made it a point to use her voice to its full potential, once stating that she was louder than any mic and that she didn’t want a mic to ever be as loud as she was.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDabLsACXELE0ffvfnaKFxzjKB4D9AwzOmlBz_uazE3vbtus-AE6xTxeH8w5LZaoPyRqHMBWAk9S03cOcSYyJkyjCkwUj5k4vhY5R1mYUO5_b_A9e9SqCA-LVHLb8YPYSBUoeR5Xhox9I/s1600/big1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDabLsACXELE0ffvfnaKFxzjKB4D9AwzOmlBz_uazE3vbtus-AE6xTxeH8w5LZaoPyRqHMBWAk9S03cOcSYyJkyjCkwUj5k4vhY5R1mYUO5_b_A9e9SqCA-LVHLb8YPYSBUoeR5Xhox9I/s200/big1.jpg" width="200" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnrqJCBASfG_IsNmKrtDrmbVgfv_KEmHgZomY4uNi4_3oAPpnqHMx7Zszzy1nzpdLD1QXYq2dOG8j87ElS-NaQ8Bmow8AGb7YuLlEN5gYxr47w7t4c8Og2btOi-ML9Z6InPZQofHecixc/s1600/bigmama1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnrqJCBASfG_IsNmKrtDrmbVgfv_KEmHgZomY4uNi4_3oAPpnqHMx7Zszzy1nzpdLD1QXYq2dOG8j87ElS-NaQ8Bmow8AGb7YuLlEN5gYxr47w7t4c8Og2btOi-ML9Z6InPZQofHecixc/s200/bigmama1.jpg" width="200" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkX0jSk0cRJKLqtzP6khl55mx2-vpZz93n4yDIcLui1I_f4-jionZ0uUU308i1gAWiFZVxX5gZvZZzrv2T6MLXUMWU1gh3OtT5uyo6SIV8fMpAVVksw-yPW6faDqWsYfEEpxMrmnF0oec/s1600/big-mama-thornton-drumming.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkX0jSk0cRJKLqtzP6khl55mx2-vpZz93n4yDIcLui1I_f4-jionZ0uUU308i1gAWiFZVxX5gZvZZzrv2T6MLXUMWU1gh3OtT5uyo6SIV8fMpAVVksw-yPW6faDqWsYfEEpxMrmnF0oec/s200/big-mama-thornton-drumming.jpg" width="153" /></a>Feminist scholars such as Maureen Mahon often praise Thornton for subverting traditional roles of African American women.<sup><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></sup>She added a female voice to a field that was dominated by white males, and her strong personality transgressed patriarchal and white supremacist stereotypes of what an African American woman should be. This transgression was an integral part of her performance and stage persona.<sup><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></sup> Even Elvis Presley and Janis Joplin admired her unique style of singing and started to incorporate elements of that style into their own works. Her vocal sounds and style of delivery are key parts of her repertoire that are recognizable in Presley and Joplin's work.</div>
During her career, Thornton was nominated for the Blues Music Awards six times. In 1984, she was inducted into the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blues_Hall_of_Fame" title="Blues Hall of Fame">Blues Hall of Fame</a>. In addition to "Ball 'n' Chain" and "They Call Me Big Mama," Thornton wrote twenty other blues songs. Her "Ball 'n' Chain" is included in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a> list of the "500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll".<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqnLR0ZfM5P5PU5Cr7Y0Pwo96sn2DZWIirTXkOP7J29oZA68hOYLWksDeiC5NEnFlsrPKVTMqWE3ySSxsMadTb_lJ7tuA8cOEDVooFxqMLfBaP0bvXkR0lo4QcR8K8eAZmO0YzWPdnLF8/s1600/bigmama2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="112" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqnLR0ZfM5P5PU5Cr7Y0Pwo96sn2DZWIirTXkOP7J29oZA68hOYLWksDeiC5NEnFlsrPKVTMqWE3ySSxsMadTb_lJ7tuA8cOEDVooFxqMLfBaP0bvXkR0lo4QcR8K8eAZmO0YzWPdnLF8/s200/bigmama2.jpg" width="200" /></a><br />
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18135692495765366075noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7310540659495852187.post-63918734895772859102014-12-15T04:38:00.003-08:002014-12-15T04:38:28.126-08:00Women: Just Beautiful<img alt="SirMarv Winfred's photo." class="scaledImageFitWidth img" height="384" src="https://fbcdn-sphotos-h-a.akamaihd.net/hphotos-ak-xpf1/v/t34.0-12/10867096_4839676367897_1069685741_n.jpg?oh=93ff6ffcb43452444f22c97fef40cba7&oe=549109C0&__gda__=1418778461_a884f375c0def2da0d902bd2405a6c36" width="487" />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18135692495765366075noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7310540659495852187.post-48070695680775620272014-12-15T04:37:00.001-08:002014-12-15T04:37:20.339-08:00<img alt="Joseph Lewis's photo." class="scaledImageFitWidth img" height="487" src="https://fbcdn-sphotos-g-a.akamaihd.net/hphotos-ak-xpa1/v/t1.0-9/10858473_370981019746314_3094679099849364375_n.jpg?oh=286eb00e41fcbaa302b0a0b9b847f9c3&oe=5501922E&__gda__=1426717334_c758b0af1bafdf06d75225a4e894d8a5" width="487" />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18135692495765366075noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7310540659495852187.post-60678019920551713492014-12-12T08:01:00.001-08:002014-12-12T08:01:23.885-08:00Chuck Cooper 1st Black player drafted by an NBA Team. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="4" style="clear: right; float: right; height: 110px; left: 102px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; top: 64px; visibility: visible; width: 205px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://c4241337.r37.cf2.rackcdn.com/05-09-21_chuck-cooper_420.jpg" height="112" width="200" /></a></div>
<a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="0" style="clear: left; float: left; height: 186px; left: 162px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; top: 32px; visibility: visible; width: 192px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://i.cdn.turner.com/nba/nba/history/features/moment-1950-true-pioneers/chuck-cooper-300a.jpg" height="200" style="background-color: white;" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS; font-size: x-small;"> <span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong>Charles Henry "Chuck" Cooper</strong> was an American professional </span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">basketball</span></a><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> player. He and two others, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathaniel_Clifton" title="Nathaniel Clifton"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Nat "Sweetwater" Clifton</span></a><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> and </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_Lloyd" title="Earl Lloyd"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Earl Lloyd</span></a><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">, became the 1</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_African-American_firsts" title="List of African-American firsts"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">st African American</span></a><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> players in the </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBA" title="NBA"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">NBA</span></a><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: small;"> in 1950.</span><span style="font-size: small;"> Cooper was also the 1st African-American to be </span></span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBA_Draft" title="NBA Draft"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">drafted</span></a><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: small;"> by an NBA team, as the 1st pick of the 2nd round by the Boston Celtics. Cooper was born and in <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh,_Pennsylvania" title="Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania">Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania</a>. He graduated from Pittsburgh's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westinghouse_High_School_(Pittsburgh)" title="Westinghouse High School (Pittsburgh)">Westinghouse High School</a>. He then attended and played basketball for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Virginia_State_University" title="West Virginia State University">West Virginia State College</a> (now University) and then <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duquesne_University" title="Duquesne University">Duquesne University</a>. Cooper was signed by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Celtics" title="Boston Celtics">Boston Celtics</a> coach <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Auerbach" title="Red Auerbach">Red Auerbach</a>. He played 4 years with the Celtics, then was traded to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlanta_Hawks" title="Atlanta Hawks">Milwaukee Hawks</a> before ending his career as a member of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit_Pistons" title="Detroit Pistons">Ft. Wayne Pistons</a>. During his NBA career, Cooper played a total of 409 games, scored 2,725 points for an average of 6.66 points per game, had 2431 rebounds for an average of 5.9 per game, and had 733 assists for an average of 1.79 per game. <a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="6" style="height: 364px; left: 93px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 438px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://grfx.cstv.com/schools/duqu/graphics/chuck-cooper-classic.jpg" height="166" width="200" /></a> <a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="2" style="height: 227px; left: 224px; top: 68.5px; visibility: visible; width: 177px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://i.cdn.turner.com/nba/nba/media/pistons/bhm_ccooper_150b.jpg" height="200" style="background-color: white;" width="155" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="14" style="height: 300px; left: 198px; top: 32px; visibility: visible; width: 228px;"><img class="mainImage" height="200" src="http://ts4.mm.bing.net/th?id=HN.608047256448470514&pid=1.7" style="background-color: white;" width="152" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="17" style="height: 345px; left: 0px; top: 9.5px; visibility: visible; width: 625px;"><img class="mainImage" height="110" src="http://667890af24dcf3c4ff75-3c5c7cf439b200c763d8c176f7f8a124.r52.cf2.rackcdn.com/images/images/3504/photos/large/nba_pioneers_arhe.jpg_529a2222dd4784b010542c7fc5ee89f1?1366842828" width="200" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="36" style="height: 300px; left: 162px; top: 32px; visibility: visible; width: 300px;"><img class="mainImage" height="200" src="http://b.vimeocdn.com/ps/217/973/2179737_300.jpg" style="background-color: white;" width="200" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="37" style="height: 364px; left: 130px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 364px;"><img class="mainImage" height="200" src="http://24.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_m9zizffUpn1redybyo1_500.jpg" style="background-color: white;" width="200" /></a></span></span></span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18135692495765366075noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7310540659495852187.post-54231305982790321662014-12-12T07:51:00.000-08:002014-12-12T07:54:45.251-08:00Victoria Spivey- Blues Singer and Owner of Spivey Records.<a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="21" style="clear: right; float: right; height: 180px; left: 222px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; top: 92px; visibility: visible; width: 180px;"><img class="mainImage" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/smpv2-albums-image-large/295368.jpg" style="background-color: white; height: 180px; width: 180px;" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="13" style="clear: left; float: left; height: 144px; left: 72px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; top: 2px; visibility: visible; width: 192px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://i.ytimg.com/vi/b0ADbmDKcjw/0.jpg" height="150" style="background-color: white;" width="200" /></a><strong>Victoria Spivey </strong>was an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">blues</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singing" title="Singing">singer</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Songwriter" title="Songwriter">songwriter</a>. During a recording career that spanned 40 years, from 1926 to the mid-1960s, she worked with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Armstrong" title="Louis Armstrong">Louis Armstrong</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Oliver" title="King Oliver">King Oliver</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarence_Williams_(musician)" title="Clarence Williams (musician)">Clarence Williams</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Russell" title="Luis Russell">Luis Russell</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lonnie_Johnson_(musician)" title="Lonnie Johnson (musician)">Lonnie Johnson</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a>.<sup> </sup>She also performed in vaudeville and clubs, sometimes with her sister, Addie "Sweet Pease" Spivey. Among her compositions are "Black Snake Blues", "Dope Head Blues" and "Organ Grinder Blues". In 1962 she initiated her own recording label, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spivey_Records" title="Spivey Records">Spivey Records</a>. Spivey's first professional experience was in a family string band led by her father in Houston. After Grant Spivey died, the seven-year-old Victoria played on her own at local parties and, in 1918, was hired to accompany films at the Lincoln Theater in <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dallas,_Texas" title="Dallas, Texas">Dallas</a>.<sup> </sup> In 1926, she moved to <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri" title="St. Louis, Missouri">St. Louis</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a>, where she was signed by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okeh_Records" title="Okeh Records">Okeh Records</a>. Her first <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_recording_and_reproduction" title="Sound recording and reproduction">recording</a>, "Black Snake Blues", did well, and her association with the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Record_label" title="Record label">record label</a> continued. In 1929 she switched to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA_Records" title="RCA Records">RCA Victor</a> label. In 1951, Spivey retired from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Show_business" title="Show business">show business</a> to play the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipe_organ" title="Pipe organ">pipe organ</a> and lead a <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_choir" title="Church choir">church choir</a>, but she returned to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secular_music" title="Secular music">secular music</a> in 1961, when she was reunited with an old singing partner, Lonnie Johnson, to appear on four tracks on his <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluesville_Records" title="Bluesville Records">Prestige Bluesville</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Album" title="Album">album</a>, <i>Idle Hours</i>. In 1962, Spivey and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historian" title="Historian">historian</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Len_Kunstadt" title="Len Kunstadt">Len Kunstadt</a> launched <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spivey_Records" title="Spivey Records">Spivey Records</a>, a low-budget label dedicated to blues and related music. They recorded prolifically such performers as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sippie_Wallace" title="Sippie Wallace">Sippie Wallace</a>, Lucille Hegamin, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otis_Rush" title="Otis Rush">Otis Rush</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otis_Spann" title="Otis Spann">Otis Spann</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willie_Dixon" title="Willie Dixon">Willie Dixon</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roosevelt_Sykes" title="Roosevelt Sykes">Roosevelt Sykes</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Joe_Turner" title="Big Joe Turner">Big Joe Turner</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddy_Tate_(musician)" title="Buddy Tate (musician)">Buddy Tate</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hannah_Sylvester" title="Hannah Sylvester">Hannah Sylvester</a>. <a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="7" style="height: 364px; left: 175px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 275px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://themusicsover.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/09/victoriaspivey.jpg?w=226" height="200" width="151" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="13" style="height: 196px; left: 212px; top: 84px; visibility: visible; width: 200px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://ts1.mm.bing.net/th?id=HN.608004332539020907&pid=1.7" style="background-color: white; height: 196px; width: 200px;" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="28" style="height: 320px; left: 152px; top: 22px; visibility: visible; width: 320px;"><img class="mainImage" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgII4d4QF1B7eeBrxHlItiiH3CCzzmZA0Rh8BBls4d5-nf88j7I6kywFhGThSbPcj6PIMJRAZ6qzlUdphU9v7konOQH8_lPxDhQ72UCAiSoC0z2pnUwObtEusFLkLRjoShChm371kEaOMo/s200/BIG+JOE+WILLIAMS+%E2%80%93+LONNIE+JOHNSON+%E2%80%93+ROOSEVELT+SYKES+%E2%80%93+VICTORIA+SPIVEY+-+THREE+KINGS+AND+THE+QUEEN+(Spivey+LP+1004)+(1964).jpg" height="200" width="200" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="34" style="height: 360px; left: 132px; top: 2px; visibility: visible; width: 360px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://www.parisjazzcorner.com/en/pochs_g/081988.jpg" height="200" width="200" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="41" style="height: 180px; left: 222px; top: 92px; visibility: visible; width: 180px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://jazztimes.com/images/content/albums/0002/7337/victoria_spivey-grind_it_span3.jpg?1234935020" style="height: 180px; width: 180px;" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="42" style="height: 364px; left: 70px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 485px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://www.herbmuseum.ca/files/images/39244/victoriaspiveylonniejohnson.JPG" height="150" width="200" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="56" style="height: 364px; left: 131px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 362px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://ts1.mm.bing.net/th?id=HN.608004384070831262&pid=1.7" height="200" width="198" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="62" style="height: 240px; left: 162px; top: 62px; visibility: visible; width: 300px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://keepingthebluesalive.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Victoria-Spivey-300x240.jpg" height="160" width="200" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="128" style="height: 360px; left: 72px; top: 2px; visibility: visible; width: 480px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://i.ytimg.com/vi/PNarjVE1SfE/0.jpg" height="150" width="200" /></a>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18135692495765366075noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7310540659495852187.post-55021646332619458672014-12-11T15:08:00.006-08:002014-12-11T15:10:32.212-08:00Maya A. Moore 1st female basketball player to sign with Jordan Brand.<a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="12" style="clear: right; float: right; height: 142px; left: 162px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; top: 69.5px; visibility: visible; width: 189px;"><img class="mainImage" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEje-Ai0mVk8ZRqKsYRadKAdw9VV-V1VUOqHvyn0udPBrsoCcLknBKrPwFKs0dnLe80beTP-6mKCpWLrP05JGCFVSyOB5aUpuMOjXdd7CW8JiGMX4Nhqchp3KYLMZUifcOzwmmwuC92lmfk/s200/Maya+Moore1.jpg" height="150" width="200" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="5" style="clear: left; float: left; height: 193px; left: 191px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 126px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://img.poptower.com/pic-96517/maya-moore.jpg?d=600" height="200" width="133" /></a><strong>Maya April Moore</strong> is an American professional <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">basketball</a> player for the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota_Lynx" title="Minnesota Lynx">Minnesota Lynx</a> of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_National_Basketball_Association" title="Women's National Basketball Association">Women's National Basketball Association</a> (WNBA) and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanxi_Xing_Rui_Flame" title="Shanxi Xing Rui Flame">Shanxi Flame</a> of the Chinese league. Moore was the winner of the 2006 and 2007 <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naismith_Prep_Player_of_the_Year" title="Naismith Prep Player of the Year">Naismith Prep Player of the Year</a>. Moore played <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward_(basketball)" title="Forward (basketball)">forward</a> for the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connecticut_Huskies_women%27s_basketball" title="Connecticut Huskies women's basketball">UConn women's basketball team</a>, and won back to back undefeated national championships in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_NCAA_Women%27s_Division_I_Basketball_Tournament" title="2009 NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Tournament">2009</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_NCAA_Women%27s_Division_I_Basketball_Tournament" title="2010 NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Tournament">2010</a>. She was selected as the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wooden_Award" title="John Wooden Award">John Wooden Award</a> winner in 2009 after leading <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Connecticut" title="University of Connecticut">Connecticut</a> to the undefeated national championship. The following season, Moore led Connecticut to its second straight national championship and continued its overall undefeated streak at 78; in the 2010–11 season, she led the Huskies in extending that streak to an NCAA both-gender record (all divisions) of 90. On May 18, 2011, Moore became the first female basketball player to sign with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Jordan" title="Air Jordan">Jordan Brand</a>.<sup> </sup>Moore was the 1st overall pick in the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_WNBA_Draft" title="2011 WNBA Draft">2011 WNBA Draft</a>, and joined a Minnesota Lynx team. Moore earned <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WNBA_Rookie_of_the_Year_Award" title="WNBA Rookie of the Year Award">Rookie of the Year</a> honors. Moore then helped lead her team to its 1st <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_WNBA_Finals" title="2011 WNBA Finals">WNBA championship</a>, the 2nd number one draft pick to do so. Moore also won a gold medal with the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_women%27s_national_basketball_team" title="United States women's national basketball team">U.S. women's basketball team</a> in the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_London_Olympics" title="2012 London Olympics">2012 London Olympics</a>. She won her 2nd WNBA championship in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_WNBA_Finals" title="2013 WNBA Finals">2013</a>, in a series where she was named <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WNBA_Finals_Most_Valuable_Player_Award" title="WNBA Finals Most Valuable Player Award">MVP</a>. In 2014, Moore was chosen the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WNBA_Most_Valuable_Player_Award" title="WNBA Most Valuable Player Award">WNBA's Most Valuable Player</a>. Moore also won another gold medal with the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_women%27s_national_basketball_team" title="United States women's national basketball team">U.S. women's basketball team</a> in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_FIBA_World_Championship_for_Women" title="2014 FIBA World Championship for Women">2014 FIBA World Championship for Women</a>, as well as being named <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Most_valuable_player" title="Most valuable player">MVP</a> of the tournament.<sup> </sup>Moore had her first exposure to basketball at the age of three when her mother mounted a hoop on the back door of their apartment.<sup> </sup>In addition to basketball, she also participated in track and field and finished as the 1st-place runner-up in the high jump at the 2005 Georgia State 5A Championships. She was also an excellent student,as she graduated from high school with a 4.0 grade point average...recipient of the Atlanta Journal Cup. <a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="3" style="height: 364px; left: 124px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 376px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://minnesotalynx.net/media/maya_chrispaul_081112.jpg" height="193" width="200" /></a> <a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="5" style="height: 364px; left: 203px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 218px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://i.cdn.turner.com/si/multimedia/photo_gallery/1106/wnba-players-to-watch/images/maya-moore.jpg" height="200" width="120" /></a> <a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="5" style="height: 364px; left: 194px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 236px;"><img class="mainImage" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-3tBfmLYCUx1KOLhNtVsqxbvF_JoAD9gG4sotf06JlnsIM1DIRDkDj17AuBU2tJ7cTsfyhPbZUVXrZp7a74fmv_Fx_v2yQkKbp4Qc6mm24ralidK2hgMe0Z1AaLc1o8TVeo_Bu7NFgh4/s200/maya+moore+5.jpg" height="200" width="129" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="15" style="height: 364px; left: 191px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 242px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://www1.pictures.zimbio.com/gi/Maya+Moore+USOC+Athlete+Portraits+CGVf-dMMJMCl.jpg" height="200" width="132" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="11" style="height: 354px; left: 93px; top: 5px; visibility: visible; width: 438px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://marshallreview.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/maya-moore.jpg?w=640" height="161" width="200" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="7" style="height: 300px; left: 93px; top: 32px; visibility: visible; width: 439px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://image.vam.synacor.com.edgesuite.net/dc/0f/dc0f37e81b1575fbe83bfd984cc9fe0c364a2a32/h=300/?app=portal&sig=51bb5d0af651d7aec4a10085af72a45b1861319cd3f8649845ba7095250d4d73" height="136" width="200" /></a> <a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="15" style="height: 364px; left: 37px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 550px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://media.cmgdigital.com/shared/img/photos/2012/08/11/ba/62/mayamoore_937862a.jpg" height="132" width="200" /></a> <a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="2" style="clear: left; float: left; height: 185px; left: 129px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 200px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://img.poptower.com/pic-96512/maya-moore.jpg?d=600" height="198" width="200" /></a>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18135692495765366075noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7310540659495852187.post-34812216871476931912014-12-11T14:44:00.000-08:002014-12-11T14:44:49.507-08:00Don Barksdale-1st to be named NCAA All-American <a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="1" style="clear: right; float: right; height: 204px; left: 144px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; top: 5px; visibility: visible; width: 185px;"><img class="mainImage" height="200" src="http://file.blog-24.com/utili/70000/65000/65325/file/marcels1/Don_Barksdale.jpg" width="189" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="0" style="clear: left; float: left; height: 184px; left: 191px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; top: 32px; visibility: visible; width: 156px;"><img class="mainImage" height="200" src="http://www.blackfives.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/Screen-shot-2011-04-16-at-6.31.19-AM-242x300.png" style="background-color: white;" width="161" /></a><strong>Donald Argee "Don" Barksdale</strong> was an American professional <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">basketball</a> player. He was a pioneer as an African-American basketball player, becoming the 1st to be named <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NCAA_Men%27s_Basketball_All-Americans" title="NCAA Men's Basketball All-Americans">NCAA All-American</a>, the 1st to play on a <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_men%27s_Olympic_basketball_team" title="United States men's Olympic basketball team">United States men's Olympic basketball team</a>, and the 1st to play in an <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Basketball_Association_All-Star_Game" title="National Basketball Association All-Star Game">National Basketball Association All-Star Game</a>. He was inducted into the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naismith_Memorial_Basketball_Hall_of_Fame" title="Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame">Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame</a>. Born in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland, California</a> to Argee and Desoree Barksdale, Don attended nearby <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley_High_School_(Berkeley,_California)" title="Berkeley High School (Berkeley, California)">Berkeley High School</a>, where the basketball coach cut him from the team for 3 straight years because he wanted no more than 1 black player. Barksdale honed his basketball playing skills in parks, and then played for 2 years at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/College_of_Marin" title="College of Marin">Marin Junior College</a> before earning a scholarship to <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UCLA." title="UCLA.">UCLA.</a> A 6'6" center for the Bruins, in 1947 he became the 1st <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_American" title="African American">African American</a> to be named consensus <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-America" title="All-America">All-American</a>. Barksdale was a member of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_Phi_Alpha" title="Alpha Phi Alpha">Alpha Phi Alpha</a> fraternity. In 1948, he was the 1st African-American on the U.S. Olympic basketball team and the 1st African-American to win an Olympic gold medal in basketball.<sup> </sup>Maggiora told Barksdale that some committee members' responses to the idea of having a black Olympian was "Hell no, that will never happen." But Maggiora wouldn't let the committee bypass Barksdale.<sup> </sup>Barksdale became the 1st African-American to play against Kentucky in Lexington, although he could not stay at the hotel with the rest of the team. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolph_Rupp" title="Adolph Rupp">Adolph Rupp</a>, the legendary Kentucky coach, <em>turned out to be my closest friend,"</em> Barksdale said. <i>"We went to London and won all 12 games and got the gold medal."</i> After college, he played for the Oakland AAU team until the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBA" title="NBA">NBA</a> began to integrate. He started a career in radio broadcasting, and became the 1st black radio disc jockey in the San Francisco Bay area. He worked in television and became the 1st African-American beer distributor and the 1st African-American television host in the Bay area with a show called <i>Sepia Review</i> on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KRON-TV" title="KRON-TV">KRON-TV</a>.<sup> </sup>In 1951, he signed a lucrative contract with the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore_Bullets_(1944%E2%80%931954)" title="Baltimore Bullets (1944–1954)">Baltimore Bullets</a> and entered the NBA as a 28-year-old rookie. He would be one of the 1st <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African-Americans_in_the_NBA" title="African-Americans in the NBA">African-Americans to play in the NBA</a>. After his basketball career ended he returned to radio, started his own recording label and opened two nightclubs in Oakland. In 1983 he launched the Save High School Sports Foundation. <a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="4" style="height: 364px; left: 130px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 364px;"><img class="mainImage" height="200" src="http://a.espncdn.com/photo/2012/0906/espnbos_a_barksdale_d1_600.jpg" width="200" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="7" style="height: 364px; left: 180px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 264px;"><img class="mainImage" height="200" src="http://media.liveauctiongroup.net/i/9667/10518131_1.jpg?v=8CDCEEEFBEA90E0" width="145" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="14" style="height: 300px; left: 175px; top: 32px; visibility: visible; width: 274px;"><img class="mainImage" height="200" src="http://phillysportstc.com/Don%20Barksdale%20HOF.png" width="182" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="21" style="height: 227px; left: 162px; top: 68.5px; visibility: visible; width: 300px;"><img class="mainImage" height="151" src="http://ts4.mm.bing.net/th?id=HN.607992362457632192&pid=1.7" width="200" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="39" style="height: 364px; left: 69px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 486px;"><img class="mainImage" height="149" src="http://media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/18/0c/e0/180ce0589331a862bbfbb73fa74d976b.jpg" style="background-color: white;" width="200" /></a><img height="200" src="http://ts1.mm.bing.net/th?&id=HN.608052217119508874&w=300&h=300&c=0&pid=1.9&rs=0&p=0" style="opacity: 1;" width="200" />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18135692495765366075noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7310540659495852187.post-13585415622350908792014-12-10T14:52:00.000-08:002014-12-10T14:54:31.580-08:00Nina Mae McKinney -One of the 1st African-American Film Stars in the U.S and British TV<a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="4" style="clear: left; float: left; height: 146px; left: 80px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 189px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://media-cache-ec0.pinimg.com/736x/6e/60/ec/6e60ec2c644d62527978e18606f65014.jpg" height="156" width="200" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="3" style="clear: right; float: right; height: 172px; left: 130px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 170px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://www.bearmanormedia.com/image/cache/data/blackgarbo-500x500.jpg" height="200" width="200" /></a><strong>Nina Mae McKinney</strong> was an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actress" title="Actress">actress</a> who worked internationally during the 1930s and in the postwar period in theatre, film and television, after getting her start on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</a> and in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollywood" title="Hollywood">Hollywood</a>. Dubbed "The Black <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greta_Garbo" title="Greta Garbo">Garbo</a>" in Europe because of her striking beauty,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Bourne1_1-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nina_Mae_McKinney#cite_note-Bourne1-1">[1]</a></sup> McKinney was one of the 1st <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African-American" title="African-American">African-American</a> film stars in the United States, as well as one of the 1st African Americans to appear on <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_television" title="British television">British television</a>. McKinney was born in 1912 in the small town of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancaster,_South_Carolina" title="Lancaster, South Carolina">Lancaster, South Carolina</a>, to Georgia and Hal McKinney. Her parents moved to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York">New York</a> and left their young daughter with her Aunt Carrie. McKinney ran errands for her aunt and learned to ride a bike. She soon was performing <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stunt" title="Stunt">stunts</a> on bikes, where her passion for acting was obvious. She acted in school plays in Lancaster and taught herself to dance. McKinney left school at the age of 15 and moved to New York to pursue acting, where she was reunited with her parents. Her debut on Broadway was dancing in a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chorus_line" title="Chorus line">chorus line</a> of the hit <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadway_musical" title="Broadway musical">musical</a> <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackbirds_of_1928" title="Blackbirds of 1928">Blackbirds of 1928</a></i>. This show starred <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_%22Bojangles%22_Robinson" title="Bill "Bojangles" Robinson">Bill "Bojangles" Robinson</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adelaide_Hall" title="Adelaide Hall">Adelaide Hall</a>. Looking for a star in his upcoming movie, <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallelujah!_(1929_film)" title="Hallelujah! (1929 film)">Hallelujah!</a>,</i> the Hollywood <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_director" title="Film director">film director</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Vidor" title="King Vidor">King Vidor</a> spotted McKinney in the chorus line of <em>Blackbirds. </em>In <i>Hallelujah</i> (1929), McKinney was the 1st African-American actress to hold a principal role in a mainstream film; it had an African-American cast.<sup> </sup>After <i>Hallelujah!,</i> McKinney signed a five-year <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contract" title="Contract">contract</a> with <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MGM" title="MGM">MGM</a>; she was the 1st African-American actor to sign a long-term contract with a major studio.<sup> </sup>Although McKinney was strikingly beautiful, Hollywood was afraid to make her into a glamorized icon like white actresses of the time. In Europe McKinney was nicknamed the “Black <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greta_Garbo" title="Greta Garbo">Garbo</a>,” because of her striking beauty. In 1978, McKinney received a posthumous award from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Filmmakers_Hall_of_Fame" title="Black Filmmakers Hall of Fame">Black Filmmakers Hall of Fame</a> for her lifetime achievement.<sup> </sup>A portrait of McKinney is displayed in her hometown of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancaster,_South_Carolina" title="Lancaster, South Carolina">Lancaster, South Carolina</a>, at the courthouse’s "Wall of Fame." <a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="6" style="height: 364px; left: 184px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 257px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/71/d2/3b/71d23bb64aa774b55fe31a3705de848d.jpg" height="200" width="141" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="16" style="height: 364px; left: 187px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 251px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://media-cache-ec0.pinimg.com/736x/82/5b/0f/825b0f84fc64c5b63cb334075c65d4f0.jpg" height="200" width="138" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="17" style="height: 364px; left: 169px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 287px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://24.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_m7zxares711qi6n8yo1_500.jpg" height="200" width="157" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="27" style="height: 364px; left: 130px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 364px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/17/7f/c8/177fc8231b5945157372e9af93901c98.jpg" height="200" width="200" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="25" style="height: 360px; left: 76px; top: 2px; visibility: visible; width: 472px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://bythewaymeetverastark.com/wp-content/gallery/pre-code-black-tresses/15_nina-mae-mckinney.gif" height="152" width="200" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="98" style="height: 364px; left: 68px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 488px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/e3/5f/61/e35f615da89f38dab9649fcc51164de6.jpg" height="148" style="background-color: white;" width="200" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="139" style="height: 232px; left: 162px; top: 66px; visibility: visible; width: 300px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://ts2.mm.bing.net/th?id=HN.608048544937413834&pid=1.7" height="154" style="background-color: white;" width="200" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="64" style="height: 364px; left: 129px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 366px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://www.btchflcks.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/tumblr_lkpl7gxzae1qdb11jo1_500.jpg" height="198" style="background-color: white;" width="200" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="35" style="height: 364px; left: 167px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 291px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://a3.ec-images.myspacecdn.com/images01/67/6ad0f566d19ab73c38041b106b69245b/l.jpg" height="200" width="160" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="73" style="height: 364px; left: 192px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 241px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/9b/ad/ff/9badff63e7f5b7071349e7da9acd5ce2.jpg" height="200" width="132" /></a>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18135692495765366075noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7310540659495852187.post-90706502133515547482014-12-10T14:21:00.000-08:002014-12-10T14:21:57.133-08:00Frederick O'Neal-1st African-American President of the Actors' Equity Association.<a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="9" style="clear: right; float: right; height: 198px; left: 194px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; top: 36px; visibility: visible; width: 135px;"><img class="mainImage" height="200" src="http://media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/236x/05/c4/93/05c4934c7868afeb5a01ad7c5414566c.jpg" width="161" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="7" style="clear: left; float: left; height: 196px; left: 202px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; top: 35px; visibility: visible; width: 145px;"><img class="mainImage" height="200" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Frederick_ONeal.jpg/220px-Frederick_ONeal.jpg" width="149" /></a><strong>Frederick O'Neal</strong> was an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actor" title="Actor">actor</a>, theater producer and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_director" title="Television director">television director</a>. He founded the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Negro_Theater" title="American Negro Theater">American Negro Theater</a> and was the 1st <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African-American" title="African-American">African-American</a> President of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actors%27_Equity_Association" title="Actors' Equity Association">Actors' Equity Association</a>. He was also known for his work behind the scenes as a revolutionary <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">trade unionist</a>. Born in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooksville,_Mississippi" title="Brooksville, Mississippi">Brooksville, Mississippi</a>, O'Neal made his New York debut in 1936 with the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civic_Repertory_Theatre" title="Civic Repertory Theatre">Civic Repertory Theatre</a>. In 1944, he won the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarence_Derwent_award" title="Clarence Derwent award">Clarence Derwent award</a> for his Broadway performance as the greedy brother-in-law in <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Lucasta_(play)" title="Anna Lucasta (play)">Anna Lucasta</a></i>. He also earned acclaim for his stage portrayal of Lem Scott in <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take_a_Giant_Step" title="Take a Giant Step">Take a Giant Step</a></i> in 1953. He was frequently on <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kraft_Suspense&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Kraft Suspense (page does not exist)">Kraft Suspense</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallmark_Hall_of_Fame" title="Hallmark Hall of Fame">Hallmark Hall of Fame</a> productions. He also portrayed Officer Wallace on <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car_54,_Where_Are_You%3F" title="Car 54, Where Are You?">Car 54, Where Are You?</a></i> from 1961 to 1963. <br />
Among theater companies which he helped organize were Harlem's <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Negro_Theatre" title="American Negro Theatre">American Negro Theatre</a> in 1940, which started the careers of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Belafonte" title="Harry Belafonte">Harry Belafonte</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_Dee" title="Ruby Dee">Ruby Dee</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Poitier" title="Sidney Poitier">Sidney Poitier</a>, among others. O'Neal also co-founded the <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=British_Negro_Theatre&action=edit&redlink=1" title="British Negro Theatre (page does not exist)">British Negro Theatre</a>. In 1964 he became President of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actors%27_Equity_Association" title="Actors' Equity Association">Actors' Equity Association</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Actors_and_Artistes_of_America" title="Associated Actors and Artistes of America">Associated Actors and Artistes of America</a>. He was the 1st African-American president of Equity (1964–73). His work landed him on the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_list_of_Nixon_political_opponents" title="Master list of Nixon political opponents">master list of Nixon political opponents</a>. <a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="5" style="height: 363px; left: 167px; top: 0.5px; visibility: visible; width: 290px;"><img class="mainImage" height="200" src="http://mcnyblog.files.wordpress.com/2013/05/archive-1.jpg" width="158" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="10" style="height: 234px; left: 195px; top: 65px; visibility: visible; width: 234px;"><img class="mainImage" height="200" src="http://www.blackpast.org/files/blackpast_images/sident_Lyndon_Johnson__www_actorsequity_org_.jpg" width="200" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="14" style="height: 364px; left: 172px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 281px;"><img class="mainImage" height="200" src="http://media-cache-ec0.pinimg.com/736x/77/cb/e4/77cbe4413fae72e586c339d1b2e9c404.jpg" width="154" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="21" style="height: 364px; left: 85px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 454px;"><img class="mainImage" height="160" src="http://media-cache-ec0.pinimg.com/736x/92/af/1a/92af1af0fe79f8db60a97a902ed9b082.jpg" width="200" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="26" style="height: 340px; left: 194px; top: 12px; visibility: visible; width: 236px;"><img class="mainImage" height="200" src="http://media-cache-ec0.pinimg.com/236x/a0/f5/67/a0f567f616210e0ded2e957c9289844e.jpg" width="138" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="12" style="height: 287px; left: 65px; top: 38.5px; visibility: visible; width: 495px;"><img class="mainImage" height="115" src="http://prettycleverfilms.com/files/2014/01/Frederick-ONeal-in-Anna-Lucasta-LARGE.jpg" width="200" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="41" style="height: 351px; left: 194px; top: 6.5px; visibility: visible; width: 236px;"><img class="mainImage" height="320" src="http://media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/236x/49/bd/41/49bd416110097bf811e6c38e19e2ae1f.jpg" width="212" /></a>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18135692495765366075noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7310540659495852187.post-52406538879584742182014-12-10T05:31:00.000-08:002014-12-10T05:31:05.571-08:00Carter G. Woodson-Father of Black History<a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="12" style="clear: left; float: left; height: 202px; left: 201px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 113px;"><img class="mainImage" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5vgQMxcdyX7IzuXIfREq7ulFJouG1Z2p6D47Fh71UBuRM8hymswoNHG0hIahA8uvWehb8I21OajRz0B_2TDaPjoTMuQ9W9cME_2ucNzFV9rHd193R0A0Qt8WRtf-EQNei-eas-J1CF50o/s200/CarterG.Woodson.jpg" width="122" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="16" style="clear: right; float: right; height: 209px; left: 197px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 141px;"><img class="mainImage" height="200" src="http://blog.echopulse.net/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/C_G_Woodson.jpg" width="126" /></a><strong>Carter Godwin Woodson</strong> was an African-American historian, author, journalist and the founder of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_for_the_Study_of_African_American_Life_and_History" title="Association for the Study of African American Life and History">Association for the Study of African American Life and History</a>. Woodson was one of the 1st scholars to study <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African-American_history" title="African-American history">African-American history</a>. A founder of <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Journal_of_Negro_History" title="The Journal of Negro History">Journal of Negro History</a></i> in 1916, Woodson has been cited as the F<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_known_as_the_father_or_mother_of_something" title="List of people known as the father or mother of something">ather of black history</a>. In February 1926 he announced the celebration of "Negro History Week", considered the precursor of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_History_Month" title="Black History Month">Black History Month</a>.<sup> </sup>Carter G. Woodson was born the son of former slaves, James and Eliza Riddle Woodson. His father helped <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union</a> soldiers during the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a> and moved his family to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a> when he heard that <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntington,_West_Virginia" title="Huntington, West Virginia">Huntington</a> was building a high school for blacks. Carter Woodson could not regularly attend school, but through self-instruction, Woodson mastered the fundamentals of common school subjects by age 17. In 1895, at the age of 20, Woodson entered <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglass_Junior_and_Senior_High_School" title="Douglass Junior and Senior High School">Douglass High School</a>, where he received his diploma. In 1900 he was selected as the principal of Douglass High School. He earned his Bachelor of Literature degree from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berea_College" title="Berea College">Berea College</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a> in 1903. He attended the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a>, where he was awarded an A.B. and A.M. in 1908. He was a member of the first black fraternity <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma_Pi_Phi" title="Sigma Pi Phi">Sigma Pi Phi</a> and a member of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omega_Psi_Phi" title="Omega Psi Phi">Omega Psi Phi</a>. He completed his PhD in history at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> in 1912. Convinced that the role of African American history and the history of other cultures was being ignored or misrepresented among scholars, Woodson saw a need for research into the neglected past of African Americans. Along with <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander_L._Jackson&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Alexander L. Jackson (page does not exist)">Alexander L. Jackson</a>, Woodson published <i>The Education of the Negro Prior to 1861</i> in 1915. Woodson would later promote the first Negro History Week in Washington, D.C., in 1926, forerunner of Black History Month. <a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="27" style="height: 363px; left: 127px; top: 0.5px; visibility: visible; width: 371px;"><img class="mainImage" height="196" src="http://media-cache-ec0.pinimg.com/736x/b3/b3/cc/b3b3cc8057580e27d74f7f8aa129efeb.jpg" style="background-color: white;" width="200" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="28" style="height: 364px; left: 176px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 272px;"><img class="mainImage" height="200" src="http://krnb.com/kj-midday/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2014/02/carter-g-woodson.jpg" width="149" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="29" style="height: 180px; left: 222px; top: 92px; visibility: visible; width: 180px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://www.ncss.org/system/files/images/FullWoodsonSeal.jpg" style="height: 180px; width: 180px;" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="33" style="height: 200px; left: 34px; top: 82px; visibility: visible; width: 556px;"><img class="mainImage" height="71" src="http://rollingout.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Dr.-Carter-G.-Woodson.jpg" width="200" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="48" style="height: 364px; left: 70px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 485px;"><img class="mainImage" height="150" src="http://media-cache-ec0.pinimg.com/736x/c8/3e/65/c83e6582200e971beb12903a369b30d1.jpg" width="200" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="71" style="height: 364px; left: 70px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 484px;"><img class="mainImage" height="150" src="http://sherieholbrooklabedis.files.wordpress.com/2012/02/bpg-celebrates-feb12012.jpg" width="200" /></a>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18135692495765366075noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7310540659495852187.post-74087191137624111082014-12-09T15:24:00.002-08:002014-12-09T15:24:31.627-08:00Lee Burridge-Inventor of the Typewriter<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%px;"><tbody>
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<a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="2" style="clear: right; float: right; height: 171px; left: 110px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 192px;"><img class="mainImage" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyM81-6-7eiHy1pL1ynCbeeTwpJNiRTXrZL1wQ7dIiNJlty09Lqe8cgqMIZenNqqnY5YUEpzm_tOIiREBE7P4e7rwt8nbv-59UqvL94PulT__BhB46_bA9eFe1BGdEX4ong6Dou4tQW_87/s200/Sun+011.JPG" width="200" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="16" style="clear: left; float: left; height: 197px; left: 187px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 130px;"><img class="mainImage" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJo6rD9PBHRjisD1avOIWce0LD7H8yh9sJEHQNDb9Lh-usfKEA-64VBCXLixIiU04UTYVyopMCXSZeJD6a6XYAO4HTDPs8aj3HwDWHkOh_32zlckB-kxDrRoKWJPt97SpKEEfRIVGY2PyX/s200/lsb1+001.jpg" width="137" /></a><strong>Lee Burridge was an inventive genius and manufacturer, but still maybe</strong><strong> the least known of typewriter inventors. He was born in Paris, France on September 22, 1861, the son of Levi Spear, a noted dentist, and Emma Frances (Ogden) Burridge.</strong></div>
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After completing his education at Tunbridge Wells, England, Lee came to New York City in 1878. He quickly directed his attention to making mechanical toys and in 1890 established the Sun Manufacturing Co. to exploit these tin novelties. Among his toys were a walking man and a crawling doll - true marvels of his ingenuity. In 1883 the American Institute granted him award of merit. He obtained over 60 patents and it is reported that he constructed nearly 700 different models. Burridge directed much of his efforts at simplifying the parts and movements of the typewriter, a technological novelty in those days. In between Toys, Index machines and Keyboard machines Lee found time to create a stapler which he patented in 1897. </div>
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Lee and his brother Frank incorporated the company in 1901. At around this same time the Sun keyboard machine was born. Its major claim to fame was the ink reservoir, which was activated each time a key would contact it on its way to the paper. Sun keyboard machines were fairly successful and quite a few were made. Burridge never married, but did manage to leave behind at least three small Suns, the index model and the two keyboard models. </div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><strong>(This article includes original research done by Ray Thomas for the Typex newsletter -Aug. 1998) </strong><img class="mainImage" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhj1ONddKPUYU6vFl3o1TxuZ2aS0nBI_7jpv2GCm49d24Jir1SJoP7f-l7tFy4KUTouY8Xpr2lvQkXVtLBybBeaGLoEDyeClhGiINuAkW_jV_VngLfXybOLJ762IKX-9rnfyWKTVqEBDEKH/s200/nrm+toy+1+001.jpg" width="131" /><strong> </strong><img class="mainImage" height="200" src="http://www.auspostalhistory.com/CMS_IMAGES/1311_IMAGE3.jpg" width="132" /><strong> </strong></span> <a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="0" style="height: 300px; left: 216px; top: 32px; visibility: visible; width: 192px;"><img class="mainImage" height="200" src="http://ts3.mm.bing.net/th?id=HN.608051594363275775&pid=1.7" style="background-color: white;" width="127" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="15" style="height: 364px; left: 155px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 315px;"><img class="mainImage" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbQi-GFxE64aIMbXcuGPv2ki14Pb0QZ8TX4iKuQGZ5WtGmXY-Tx7FSuQSndmlsdJaBomXvva0AMVPUsRbm6E9giHg8dgU7KCXUiHaE-dCF7mzbmJF5FJHdmVFBEkplgj8ANNCeyDHP8mo/s200/Burridge+Obit+NYT+001.jpg" width="172" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="4" style="height: 364px; left: 94px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 437px;"><img class="mainImage" height="166" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmpyGlD8tqEFBdCmGmUqQ_54EtosYKONyBfVKCjgX7RsBPy247y5i3JchA_IO4FgxGsOeSRgxVo5ttLipVCNfHvXw9c16RavJTr2O3yjmCA396xJen-0vI2wgkUw42ywsoGfY2v5S0ULI/s200/underwood3bank.jpg" style="background-color: white;" width="200" /></a> <a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="8" style="height: 364px; left: 11px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 602px;"><img class="mainImage" height="120" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaaPyNOke3OiYfnEOvJT639cpV3tBksLQ5meul-_f2GDO_DeNiv3XAKoSZH4207FcteL4nwzQu9nnKLdEr8YuoHdyl6JSVENl0lvGCllmioOXHhkniCZaA4iwgmXvRDZPx7g6MoIQpMHI/s200/Underwood+3+001.jpg" width="200" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="22" style="height: 343px; left: 0px; top: 10.5px; visibility: visible; width: 625px;"><img class="mainImage" height="110" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcT0bof9lbblGKfTPbuzbi1Y8fck57r9e50rRtKyTL1fyO3k24ZP12D6rOwecJTZrS3-UVMxcvVdHY0sj3d8cke5RLxxfglK4auiBzIS5AxocZpwz8herxbcNKzM0Vgo_7oAdKu2dYOCA/s200/U3+and+Sun+010.JPG" width="200" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="5" style="height: 360px; left: 132px; top: 2px; visibility: visible; width: 360px;"><img class="mainImage" height="200" src="http://www.typewritermuseum.org/collection/index_writers/_ill/sunindex1.jpg" width="200" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="4" style="height: 364px; left: 94px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 437px;"><img class="mainImage" height="166" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmpyGlD8tqEFBdCmGmUqQ_54EtosYKONyBfVKCjgX7RsBPy247y5i3JchA_IO4FgxGsOeSRgxVo5ttLipVCNfHvXw9c16RavJTr2O3yjmCA396xJen-0vI2wgkUw42ywsoGfY2v5S0ULI/s200/underwood3bank.jpg" style="background-color: white;" width="200" /></a><img height="200" name="invX" src="http://www.typewritermuseum.org/history/_ill/sun2.jpg" width="200" /><img height="200" name="invX" src="http://www.typewritermuseum.org/history/_ill/sun3.jpg" width="200" /><img height="200" name="invX" src="http://www.typewritermuseum.org/history/_ill/sun5.jpg" width="200" /></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18135692495765366075noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7310540659495852187.post-33938017900304064242014-12-09T14:40:00.001-08:002014-12-09T14:40:40.189-08:00Thomas A. Carrington-Inventor of the Stove<a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="2" style="clear: right; float: right; height: 146px; left: 81px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 202px;"><img class="mainImage" height="156" src="http://www.patentmodel.org/images/models/8763X.jpg" style="background-color: white;" width="200" /></a>T. A. <strong>Carrington</strong> (an African American) received a <strong>patent</strong> for the stove on July 25, 1876. Patent #180,323<br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18135692495765366075noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7310540659495852187.post-68070857836269725162014-12-09T05:17:00.000-08:002014-12-09T05:17:05.037-08:00Pinckney B. S. Pinchback-1st person of African descent to become Governor of a U.S. state. <a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="3" style="clear: right; float: right; height: 199px; left: 205px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; top: 35.5px; visibility: visible; width: 149px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/P._B._S._Pinchback_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/220px-P._B._S._Pinchback_-_Brady-Handy.jpg" height="200" width="150" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="0" style="clear: left; float: left; height: 190px; left: 163px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 161px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2071/2240190483_4d34b8a572.jpg" height="200" style="background-color: white;" width="167" /></a><strong>Pinckney Benton Stewart Pinchback</strong> (born <b>Pinckney Benton Stewart)</b>; was a publisher and politician, a Union Army officer, and the 1st person of <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African" title="African">African</a> descent to become <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_(United_States)" title="Governor (United States)">governor</a> of a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. state</a>. He was born free in Georgia. A <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a>, Pinchback served as the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Louisiana" title="List of Governors of Louisiana">24th </a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Louisiana" title="List of Governors of Louisiana">Governor of Louisiana</a> for 15 days, from December 29, 1872, to January 13, 1873.<sup> </sup>He was later elected to the state legislature, serving in 1879-1880.<br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Lemann" title="Nicholas Lemann">Nicholas Lemann</a>, in <i>Redemption: The Last Battle of the Civil War</i>, described Pinchback as "an outsized figure: newspaper publisher, gambler, orator, speculator, dandy, mountebank – served for a few months as the state's Governor and claimed seats in both houses of Congress following disputed elections but could not persuade the members of either to seat him. He was born free as Pinckney Benton Stewart in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a>. His parents were Eliza Stewart, a freed <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">slave</a>, and Major William Pinchback, a white planter and his mother's former master. Pinchback, who also had a legal white family, freed Eliza and her children in 1836. The Civil War began, and Stewart decided to fight on the side of the Union. In 1862 he quietly made his way to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a>, which had just been captured by the Union Army. He raised several companies for the Union's all-black 1st Louisiana Native Guards Regiment. Commissioned a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captain_(United_States)" title="Captain (United States)">captain</a>, Stewart was one of the Union Army's few commissioned officers of African-American ancestry. He became Company Commander of Company A, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2nd_Louisiana_Regiment_Native_Guard_Infantry" title="2nd Louisiana Regiment Native Guard Infantry">2nd Louisiana Regiment Native Guard Infantry</a>, made up mostly of escaped slaves. After the war in New Orleans, Stewart took his father's surname of Pinchback. He became active in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a>. In 1868 Pinchback was elected as a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana_State_Senate" title="Louisiana State Senate">State Senator</a>. He became Senate President <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pro_tempore" title="Pro tempore">pro tempore</a></i> of a Legislature that included 42 representatives of African-American descent (half of the House, and seven of 36 seats in the Senate). (At the time, the population of African Americans and whites in the state was nearly equal.) In 1871 Pinchback succeeded to the position as acting <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Louisiana" title="Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana">lieutenant governor</a> upon the death of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscar_Dunn" title="Oscar Dunn">Oscar Dunn</a>, the 1st elected <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African-American" title="African-American">African-American</a> lieutenant governor of a U.S. state. Pinchback had a longstanding interest in education of blacks and was appointed to the Louisiana State Board of Education after the Reconstruction legislature established public education in the state for the first time. In 1885, Pinchback studied law in New Orleans at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straight_University" title="Straight University">Straight University</a>, a <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historically_black_college" title="Historically black college">historically black college</a> later known as Dillard University. He was admitted to the Louisiana <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_(law)" title="Bar (law)">bar</a> in 1886, but never practiced. <a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="13" style="height: 346px; left: 196px; top: 9px; visibility: visible; width: 239px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/51nMdQD6yoL._SY344_BO1,204,203,200_.jpg" height="200" width="138" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="27" style="height: 364px; left: 198px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 235px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://www.gallopade.com/client/Products/ProdimageLg/72815.jpg" height="200" width="129" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="50" style="height: 364px; left: 177px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 277px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://www.la-cemeteries.com/Governors/Pinchback,%20Pickney%20Benton%20Stewart/PinchbackBronze.JPG" height="200" width="152" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="103" style="height: 280px; left: 224px; top: 42px; visibility: visible; width: 182px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://www.africaworldpressbooks.com/catalog/9780865433445.jpg" height="200" width="130" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="179" style="height: 267px; left: 205px; top: 48.5px; visibility: visible; width: 220px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://americasbrave.last-memories.com/upload/Gallery/Cpt.%20Pinckney%20B.%20S.%20Pinchback%20%20%20%20May%2010X%201837%20-%20Dec.%2021X%201929268.jpg" height="200" width="164" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="171" style="height: 231px; left: 165px; top: 66.5px; visibility: visible; width: 300px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://ts2.mm.bing.net/th?id=HN.608021645546227775&pid=1.7" height="154" style="background-color: white;" width="200" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="102" style="height: 235px; left: 165px; top: 64.5px; visibility: visible; width: 300px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://ts3.mm.bing.net/th?id=HN.608027113052048838&pid=1.7" height="156" style="background-color: white;" width="200" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="29" style="height: 296px; left: 0px; top: 34px; visibility: visible; width: 631px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://izquotes.com/quotes-pictures/quote-i-am-at-last-in-a-free-country-p-b-s-pinchback-331988.jpg" height="94" width="200" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="25" style="height: 364px; left: 42px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 546px;"><img class="mainImage" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9klZ7eDg1uzodITx0x7fz15jTwjubvX1uAV_HzbF5GgutD-f229gRZl2j8FmagzeysZZ6g3BPFL02ragbTPT2Y4tmzzvqbeJzx7Ty1CKaVp1RDZgkRp60RH2CypZJfFwTpjBYBYaNN30/s200/pinchback+marker+PBS_Pinchback_markr.jpg" height="133" width="200" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="181" style="height: 364px; left: 70px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 491px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://media-cache-ec0.pinimg.com/736x/79/94/61/7994617da91eb10fcdeda5fa415b76d7.jpg" height="148" width="200" /></a>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18135692495765366075noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7310540659495852187.post-686751988637926392014-12-09T05:02:00.000-08:002014-12-09T05:02:27.540-08:00Oscar J. Dunn-1st African American Lt. Governor of Louisiana<a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="8" style="clear: right; float: right; height: 192px; left: 187px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 145px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://www.knowla.org/uploads/2/Encyclopedia/images/2583/2583-thumb-md-300x426.jpg" height="200" width="140" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="0" style="clear: left; float: left; height: 184px; left: 134px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 184px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://questioningwithboldness.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/lt-governor-oscar-dunn.jpg" height="200" style="background-color: white;" width="199" /></a><strong>Oscar James Dunn</strong> was one of three <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African Americans</a> who served as a <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Republican_Party" title="United States Republican Party">Republican</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Louisiana" title="Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana">Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana</a> during the era of <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reconstruction_era_of_the_United_States" title="Reconstruction era of the United States">Reconstruction</a>.<br />
In 1868, Dunn became the 1st elected <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_race" title="Black race">black</a> lieutenant governor of a U.S. state. He ran on the ticket headed by <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Clay_Warmoth" title="Henry Clay Warmoth">Henry Clay Warmoth</a>, formerly of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>. After Dunn died in office, then-<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana_State_Legislature" title="Louisiana State Legislature">state Senator</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P._B._S._Pinchback" title="P. B. S. Pinchback">P. B. S. Pinchback</a>, another black Republican, became lieutenant governor and thereafter governor for a 34-day <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interim" title="Interim">interim</a> period. Oscar Dunn was <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apprenticed" title="Apprenticed">apprenticed</a> as a young man to a plastering and painting contractor, A. G. Wilson. (He had verified Dunn's free status in the <i>Mayor's Register of Free People of Color 1840-1864</i>.) Dunn was an English-speaking free Black in a city where the racial caste system was the underpinning of daily life. Free people of color had been established as a separate class of merchants, artisans, and property owners, many of who had educations. Dunn joined Richmond Lodge #4, one of a number of fraternal organizations that expanded in New Orleans, out of the Ohio Lodge during the 19th century. In the latter 1850s, he rose to Master and Grand Master of the lodge. As a Freemason, Dunn developed his leadership skills, and established a wide network and power base in the black community that was useful for his later political career. Dunn began to work to achieve equality for the millions of Blacks freed by passage of the 13t<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">h Amendment</a>, ratified after the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>. He actively promoted and supported the Universal Suffrage Movement; advocated land ownership for all Blacks; taxpayer-funded education of all Black children; and equal protection of the laws under the 14<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">th Amendment</a>. He joined the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a>, many of whose members supported suffrage for Blacks. Dunn opened an employment agency that assisted in finding jobs for the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedmen" title="Freedmen">freedmen</a>. In 1866, he organized the People's Bakery, an enterprise owned and operated by the Louisiana Association of Workingmen. Elected to the New Orleans city council in 1867, Dunn was named chairman of a committee to review Article 5 of the City Charter. He proposed that "all children between the ages of 6-18 be eligible to attend public schools. In the state Constitutional Convention of 1867-1868, this resolution was enacted into Louisiana law. The Warmoth-Dunn Republican ticket was elected, 64,941 to 38,046. Dunn was inaugurated lieutenant governor on June 13, 1868. In 1870, Dunn served on the Board of Trustees and Examining Committee for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straight_University" title="Straight University">Straight University</a>, a <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historically_black_college" title="Historically black college">historically black college</a> founded in the city. <a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="1" style="height: 295px; left: 205px; top: 34.5px; visibility: visible; width: 220px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Oscar_Dunn.jpg/220px-Oscar_Dunn.jpg" height="200" width="149" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="13" style="height: 364px; left: 73px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 485px;"><img class="mainImage" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0whFsKBeFKQEdYwXfjtkjwXKEyRDDM8BciRF2ZMUDnZxVnIXKxlSwv-VjsPUJcuSAVGGrryUMgR6oHeqflm2EwR2YqxiGASfDkMm1My7SYEIavKchLSa624xtOHiJ7mK4vrhxrGtDsw4/s200/041.JPG" height="150" width="200" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="8" style="height: 229px; left: 190px; top: 67.5px; visibility: visible; width: 250px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://image2.findagrave.com/photos250/photos/2004/250/9433290_109458374033.jpg" style="background-color: white; height: 229px; width: 250px;" /></a>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18135692495765366075noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7310540659495852187.post-51211585941172938562014-12-08T16:09:00.001-08:002014-12-08T16:12:25.547-08:00Happy Birthday to Sammy Davis Jr.<a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="12" style="clear: right; float: right; height: 193px; left: 177px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 145px;"><img class="mainImage" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiA5T8BqkzoC1E4oeN-LDA5cEJTaNZfC2qckQdeG6dZTll3JxNCSXij9zSL15unAi31Pn9zfTEirwWmGZzpMvVShOEGVwms2m2xtkj0WQ7HpK5Nm0LlAq8IhMhsJ5rESyMRTpzWeb6tU8Fu/s200/Young-Sammy-Davis-Jr.jpg" height="200" width="151" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="0" style="clear: left; float: left; height: 181px; left: 170px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 147px;"><img class="mainImage" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIlN1lEzTlHULwIWNUFlG6UrX4nKtTq1gZIzeBYUBv_MjPyTOHoXZDhzelP08rVNllQarUAOJj9Sn81pGKdunP4mvebuIVjWk_ckOF6VFLcko0qhgAfjb0yk56ITCo2Z68_9yhHYhe7xX_/s200/Sammy+Davis+Jr05.jpg" height="200" style="background-color: white;" width="159" /></a><strong>Samuel George</strong> "<b>Sammy</b>" <b>Davis, Jr.</b> (December 8, 1925 – May 16, 1990), was an American entertainer. Primarily a dancer and singer, he was also an actor of stage and screen, musician, and impressionist, noted for his <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impressionist_(entertainment)" title="Impressionist (entertainment)">impersonations</a> of actors, musicians and other celebrities. At the age of 3 Davis began his career in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaudeville" title="Vaudeville">vaudeville</a> with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sammy_Davis,_Sr." title="Sammy Davis, Sr.">his father</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Will_Mastin" title="Will Mastin">Will Mastin</a> as the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Will_Mastin_Trio" title="Will Mastin Trio">Will Mastin Trio</a>, which toured nationally. After military service Davis returned to the trio. Davis became an overnight sensation following a nightclub performance at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciro%27s" title="Ciro's">Ciro's</a> (in West Hollywood, California) after the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/24th_Academy_Awards" title="24th Academy Awards">1951 Academy Awards</a>. With the trio, he became a recording artist. Davis's film career began as a child in 1933. In 1960, he appeared in the first <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rat_Pack" title="Rat Pack">Rat Pack</a> film, <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean%27s_Eleven_(1960_film)" title="Ocean's Eleven (1960 film)">Ocean's 11</a></i>. After a starring role on <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadway_theater" title="Broadway theater">Broadway</a> in 1956's <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr._Wonderful_(musical)" title="Mr. Wonderful (musical)">Mr Wonderful</a></i>, Davis returned to the stage in 1964's <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Boy_(musical)" title="Golden Boy (musical)">Golden Boy</a></i>, and in 1966 had his own TV variety show, <i>The Sammy Davis Jr. Show</i>. Davis's career slowed in the late 1960s, but he had a hit record with "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Candy_Man" title="The Candy Man">The Candy Man</a>" in 1972 and became a star in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Vegas_Valley" title="Las Vegas Valley">Las Vegas</a>, earning him the nickname "Mister Show Business".<sup> </sup>As an African-American, Davis was the victim of racism throughout his life and was a large financial supporter of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1955%E2%80%9368)" title="African-American Civil Rights Movement (1955–68)">Civil Rights movement</a>. After reuniting with Sinatra and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dean_Martin" title="Dean Martin">Dean Martin</a> in 1987, Davis toured with them and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liza_Minnelli" title="Liza Minnelli">Liza Minnelli</a> internationally. Davis was awarded the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spingarn_Medal" title="Spingarn Medal">Spingarn Medal</a> by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Colored_People" title="National Association for the Advancement of Colored People">NAACP</a> and was nominated for a <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Globe" title="Golden Globe">Golden Globe</a> and an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmy_Award" title="Emmy Award">Emmy Award</a> for his television performances. He was the recipient of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kennedy_Center_Honors" title="Kennedy Center Honors">Kennedy Center Honors</a> in 1987, and in 2001, he was posthumously awarded the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award">Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award</a>. Samuel George Davis, Jr., was born in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harlem" title="Harlem">Harlem</a> section of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, as an only child, to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sammy_Davis,_Sr." title="Sammy Davis, Sr.">Sammy Davis, Sr.</a>, an African-American entertainer, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elvera_Sanchez" title="Elvera Sanchez">Elvera Sanchez</a>, a tap dancer of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-Cuban" title="Afro-Cuban">Afro-Cuban</a> descent. At age 7, Davis appeared in a film in which he sang and danced with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethel_Waters" title="Ethel Waters">Ethel Waters</a><sup>.. </sup>During service in WWII, the Army assigned Davis to an integrated entertainment <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Services_(entertainment)" title="Special Services (entertainment)">Special Services</a> unit and he found that the spotlight lessened the prejudice. Davis was hired to sing the title track for the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a> film <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Bridges_to_Cross" title="Six Bridges to Cross">Six Bridges to Cross</a></i> in 1954, and later to his starring role in the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadway_theater" title="Broadway theater">Broadway</a> play <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr._Wonderful_(musical)" title="Mr. Wonderful (musical)">Mr. Wonderful</a></i> in 1956. Davis was a headliner at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Frontier_Hotel_and_Casino" title="New Frontier Hotel and Casino">The Frontier Casino</a> in Las Vegas, but he was required (as were all black performers in the 1950s) to lodge in a rooming house on the west side of the city, Davis later refused to work at places which practiced <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">racial segregation</a>. <a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="28" style="height: 364px; left: 178px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 274px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Sammy_Davis_Jr._performing_1966.JPG" height="200" style="background-color: white;" width="150" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="70" style="height: 364px; left: 166px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 299px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_UC26Cqerbeg/S7kTieHigyI/AAAAAAAAA4A/mcc-h3fEouw/s200/sammy-davis+jr.jpg" height="200" style="background-color: white;" width="164" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="75" style="height: 364px; left: 170px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 291px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://ilarge.listal.com/image/5678800/968full-sammy-davis-jr..jpg" height="200" width="160" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="182" style="height: 364px; left: 130px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 370px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://www.apesound.de/out/pictures/master/product/1/sammydavisjr.jpg" height="196" style="background-color: white;" width="200" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="98" style="height: 364px; left: 79px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 472px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://cdn.inquisitr.com/wp-content/uploads/uncat/sammy-davis-jr-altovise-davis-500x385.jpg" height="154" style="background-color: white;" width="200" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="96" style="height: 364px; left: 184px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 262px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1320/1351037975_8f54002ca9.jpg" height="200" style="background-color: white;" width="144" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="183" style="height: 364px; left: 66px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 498px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://fashionhouseglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/sammy-davis-jr-liberace.jpg" height="146" width="200" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="104" style="height: 354px; left: 0px; top: 5px; visibility: visible; width: 631px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://unratedfilm.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/sammy-davis-jr.jpg" height="112" width="200" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="7" style="height: 364px; left: 167px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 297px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://media-cache-ec0.pinimg.com/736x/12/d2/d3/12d2d320787802707b9b55cbfee6e75b.jpg" height="200" style="background-color: white;" width="163" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="38" style="height: 364px; left: 160px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 310px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://media-cache-ec0.pinimg.com/736x/8f/89/0a/8f890aa6bf638d96dead55ed05e5de73.jpg" height="200" style="background-color: white;" width="170" /></a>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18135692495765366075noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7310540659495852187.post-3572683046181122382014-12-08T15:39:00.001-08:002014-12-08T15:41:51.614-08:00Jennifer Sandra Carroll- 1st black American and the 1st woman elected Lieutenant Govenor of Florida<a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="6" style="clear: right; float: right; height: 194px; left: 195px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 137px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://blogs.browardpalmbeach.com/pulp/jennifer%20carroll%20313.jpg" height="200" width="132" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="1" style="clear: left; float: left; height: 118px; left: 46px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 197px;"><img class="mainImage" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjzmB0VmRSm4-whN_2b9aWsqVo-2mN0URG9iWYzaJPeAomeuzCsi73KtCrjCsEEM7Wd-AwnLMyCcMI1XkZWEnKthDmjjECdIJQTBJTXVX4e9KLPzo89TDvo_ywaEOrlHLSMVc9YGSBbwop/s200/jennifer+carroll.jpg" height="134" width="200" /></a><strong>Jennifer Sandra Carroll</strong> is a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidadian</a>-born American politician who was the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Florida" title="Lieutenant Governor of Florida">18th Lieutenant Governor</a> of the U.S. state of Florida. The 1st black American and the 1st woman elected to the position, she assumed the office on January 4, 2011.<br />
She was the 1st <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_American" title="African American">black</a> person elected lieutenant governor of Florida, and the 1st black person elected to statewide office in Florida since <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reconstruction_era" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction</a>. Carroll previously served in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_House_of_Representatives" title="Florida House of Representatives">Florida House of Representatives</a> from 2003 until 2010. Carroll was born in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_of_Spain" title="Port of Spain">Port of Spain</a>, Trinidad and Tobago. She moved to the United States at the age of eight, and graduated from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniondale_High_School" title="Uniondale High School">Uniondale High School</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniondale,_New_York" title="Uniondale, New York">Uniondale, Long Island New York</a> in 1977. She enlisted in the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Navy" title="U.S. Navy">U.S. Navy</a> in 1979. After serving as an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviation_machinist%27s_mate" title="Aviation machinist's mate">aviation machinist's mate</a> (jet engine mechanic), she was selected for the Enlisted Commissioning Program, becoming an Aviation Maintenance Duty Officer in 1985. She retired from the Navy in 1999 as a <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieutenant_Commander" title="Lieutenant Commander">Lieutenant Commander</a>. In 1981, she received an <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associate_of_Arts" title="Associate of Arts">Associate of Arts</a> degree from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeward_Community_College" title="Leeward Community College">Leeward Community College</a>. She followed this in 1985 with a Bachelor of Arts in political science from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_New_Mexico" title="University of New Mexico">University of New Mexico</a>. She moved to Florida in 1986. She received a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_of_Business_Administration" title="Master of Business Administration">Master of Business Administration</a> degree from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kensington_University" title="Kensington University">Kensington University</a> in 1995. In the April 2003 <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_election" title="Special election">special election</a>, she won the Republican primary with 65.5% of the vote. She became the 1st African-American female Republican ever elected to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_Legislature" title="Florida Legislature">Florida Legislature</a>. She won unopposed in 2004, 2006, and 2008.<sup> </sup>Carroll was appointed Deputy Majority Leader from 2003–2004, and served as Majority Whip in 2004–2006. She was Vice Chair of the Transportation and Economic Development Committee (2003–2004), Chair of the Finance Committee (2006–2008) and Chair of the Economic and Development Council (2008–2010). <a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="11" style="height: 364px; left: 170px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 291px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://media.cmgdigital.com/shared/lt/lt_cache/thumbnail/960/img/photos/2013/03/13/08/af/Jennifer_Carroll.jpg" height="200" width="160" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="45" style="height: 364px; left: 195px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 240px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://www3.pictures.zimbio.com/gi/Jennifer+Carroll+GOP+Candidate+Governor+Floria+X_oKwhZqWRIl.jpg" height="200" width="132" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="83" style="height: 364px; left: 200px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 231px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://www.tampabay.com/resources/images/blogs-photo/rendered/2014/08/01WEB_Carroll082714_8col.jpg" height="200" width="127" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="81" style="height: 354px; left: 0px; top: 5px; visibility: visible; width: 631px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://media.nbcmiami.com/images/1200*675/071212+jennifer+carroll.jpg" height="112" style="background-color: white;" width="200" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="38" style="height: 364px; left: 43px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 545px;"><img class="mainImage" height="133" src="https://c1.staticflickr.com/7/6169/6184205815_bb155392c1_z.jpg" width="200" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="51" style="height: 364px; left: 46px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 539px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://www.baynews9.com/content/dam/news/images/2013/03/jennifer-carroll-file-ap-091212.jpg" height="134" width="200" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="47" style="height: 364px; left: 57px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 517px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://politic365.com/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/2010/09/jennifer-carroll.jpg" height="140" width="200" /></a>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18135692495765366075noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7310540659495852187.post-56283816473683930942014-12-08T14:24:00.001-08:002014-12-08T14:24:21.498-08:00L. Douglas Wilder-1st African American Governor of Virginia<a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="135" style="clear: right; float: right; height: 181px; left: 168px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; top: 35px; visibility: visible; width: 196px;"><img class="mainImage" height="200" src="http://media-cache-ec0.pinimg.com/736x/49/19/ff/4919ffa5356cdb0048e4e18a339e6457.jpg" width="200" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="2" style="clear: left; float: left; height: 195px; left: 195px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; top: 34.5px; visibility: visible; width: 161px;"><img class="mainImage" height="200" src="http://www.nndb.com/people/844/000055679/dougwilder.jpg" style="background-color: white;" width="163" /></a><strong>Lawrence Douglas Wilder</strong> is an American politician, who served as the 1<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_African-American_firsts" title="List of African-American firsts">st</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_American" title="African American">African American</a> to be elected as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_Virginia" title="Governor of Virginia">governor</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> and 1st African-American governor of any state since <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reconstruction_Era_of_the_United_States" title="Reconstruction Era of the United States">Reconstruction</a>. Wilder served as the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Virginia" title="List of Governors of Virginia">66th</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_Virginia" title="Governor of Virginia">Governor of Virginia</a> from 1990 to 1994. When earlier elected as Lieutenant Governor, he was the 1st African American elected to statewide office in Virginia. His most recent political office was <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Richmond,_Virginia" title="List of mayors of Richmond, Virginia">Mayor</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond, Virginia</a>, which he held from 2005 to 2009. L. Douglas Wilder was born in the segregated <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_Hill" title="Church Hill">Church Hill</a> neighborhood of Richmond. Wilder was named for the African American writers <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Laurence_Dunbar" title="Paul Laurence Dunbar">Paul Laurence Dunbar</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Douglass" title="Frederick Douglass">Frederick Douglass</a>. Wilder worked his way through <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Union_University" title="Virginia Union University">Virginia Union University</a> by waiting tables at hotels and shining shoes, graduating in 1951 with a degree in chemistry. Drafted into the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> during the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>, he volunteered for combat duty. At the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Pork_Chop_Hill" title="Battle of Pork Chop Hill">Battle of Pork Chop Hill</a>, he and two other men found themselves cut off from their unit, but they bluffed 19 Chinese soldiers into surrendering, for which Wilder was awarded the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Star_Medal" title="Bronze Star Medal">Bronze Star Medal</a>. In 1956 he entered <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_University_Law_School" title="Howard University Law School">Howard University Law School</a>. After graduating in 1959 he established a law practice in Richmond. Wilder began his career in public office by winning a 1969 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/By-election" title="By-election">special election</a> for the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_State_Senate" title="Virginia State Senate">Virginia State Senate</a> from a Richmond-area district. He was the 1st African American elected to the Virginia Senate since <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reconstruction_era_of_the_United_States" title="Reconstruction era of the United States">Reconstruction</a>. In 1985 Wilder was elected the 35th <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Virginia" title="Lieutenant Governor of Virginia">Lieutenant Governor of Virginia</a> on a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Virginia" title="Democratic Party of Virginia">Democratic</a> ticket under then-<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attorney_General_of_Virginia" title="Attorney General of Virginia">Attorney General</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_L._Baliles" title="Gerald L. Baliles">Gerald L. Baliles</a>. Wilder was elected governor on November 8, 1989, defeating <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Virginia" title="Republican Party of Virginia">Republican</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_Coleman" title="Marshall Coleman">Marshall Coleman</a>. In recognition of his landmark achievement as the 1st African American elected governor in the nation, the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NAACP" title="NAACP">NAACP</a> awarded Wilder the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spingarn_Medal" title="Spingarn Medal">Spingarn Medal</a> for 1990. In May 1990 Wilder ordered state agencies and universities to divest themselves of any investments in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> because of its then policy of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a>. On November 2, 2004, Wilder received 79% of the vote (55,319 votes) to become the 1st <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_election" title="Direct election">directly elected</a> Mayor of Richmond in sixty years. Douglas Wilder is the founder of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_National_Slavery_Museum" title="United States National Slavery Museum">United States National Slavery Museum</a>, a non-profit organization based in Fredericksburg, Virginia. <a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="28" style="height: 206px; left: 178px; top: 79px; visibility: visible; width: 274px;"><img class="mainImage" height="150" src="http://btx3.files.wordpress.com/2010/02/wilder_obama1.jpg?w=468" width="200" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="33" style="height: 350px; left: 40px; top: 7px; visibility: visible; width: 550px;"><img class="mainImage" height="127" src="http://www.twc.edu/sites/default/files/imagecache/twcnow_550x350/bodyandteaser_2.png" width="200" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="54" style="height: 364px; left: 187px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 256px;"><img class="mainImage" height="200" src="https://www.opendemocracy.net/files/imagecache/article_xlarge/wysiwyg_imageupload/500209/627817652_94e2657a6a_z.jpg" width="140" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="112" style="height: 364px; left: 194px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 242px;"><img class="mainImage" height="200" src="http://g-ecx.images-amazon.com/images/G/01/ciu/b0/f8/e969228348a0b0d0856c0110.L.jpg" style="background-color: white;" width="133" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="134" style="height: 364px; left: 179px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 273px;"><img class="mainImage" height="200" src="http://theboomermagazine.com/downloads/737/download/January1989COVER1.jpg?cb=1e3ed3a166c6d83b8f24fb66d5261c5e" width="150" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="21" style="height: 334px; left: 215px; top: 15px; visibility: visible; width: 200px;"><img class="mainImage" height="200" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/D.Wilder_S.Senate_poster.jpg" width="119" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="148" style="height: 364px; left: 182px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 267px;"><img class="mainImage" height="200" src="http://thumbs.dreamstime.com/z/former-governor-l-douglas-wilder-27066576.jpg" style="background-color: white;" width="146" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="58" style="height: 364px; left: 196px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 239px;"><img class="mainImage" height="200" src="http://img1.imagesbn.com/p/9781557534118_p0_v1_s260x420.jpg" width="131" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="138" style="height: 364px; left: 86px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 459px;"><img class="mainImage" height="158" src="http://bloximages.newyork1.vip.townnews.com/timesdispatch.com/content/tncms/assets/v3/editorial/6/fa/6facb28c-7c38-11e4-af82-37aecb0f1720/54813690288b0.image.jpg?resize=760%2C602" width="200" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="98" style="height: 234px; left: 165px; top: 65px; visibility: visible; width: 300px;"><img class="mainImage" height="156" src="http://ts3.mm.bing.net/th?id=HN.608032005011409051&pid=1.7" style="background-color: white;" width="200" /></a>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18135692495765366075noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7310540659495852187.post-86875107166800196842014-12-07T17:40:00.001-08:002014-12-07T17:40:05.570-08:00Matthew A. Henson - 1st African-American Arctic explorer<a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="57" style="clear: left; float: left; height: 205px; left: 176px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 157px;"><img class="mainImage" height="200" src="http://galleryplus.ebayimg.com/ws/web/150107542541_1_0_1/1000x1000.jpg" width="150" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="4" style="clear: right; float: right; height: 199px; left: 228px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 95px;"><img class="mainImage" height="200" src="http://culturesfashion.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/matthew-henson.jpg" width="93" /></a><strong>Matthew Alexander Henson</strong> was the 1st <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African-American" title="African-American">African-American</a> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_explorer" title="Arctic explorer">Arctic explorer</a>, an associate of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Peary" title="Robert Peary">Robert Peary</a> on seven voyages over a period of nearly 23 years. They made six voyages and spent a total of 18 years in expeditions<sup>.</sup> Henson served as a navigator and craftsman, traded with Inuit and learned their language, and was known as Peary's "first man" for these arduous travels.<br />
During their 1909 expedition to Greenland, Henson accompanied Peary in the small party, including four <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuit</a> men, that has been recognized as the 1st to reach the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_North_Pole" title="Geographic North Pole">Geographic North Pole</a>. Henson was invited in 1937 as a member of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Explorers_Club" title="The Explorers Club">The Explorers Club</a> due to his achievement and was the 1st African American to be accepted. In 1948 he was made an honorary member, a distinction for 20 persons annually. Henson published his memoir, <i>A Negro Explorer at the North Pole</i> (1912), which included a foreword and praise by Peary. Since the late 20th century, Henson's contributions have received more recognition. At the age of twelve, the youth made his way to <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore,_Maryland" title="Baltimore, Maryland">Baltimore, Maryland</a>, where he went to sea as a cabin boy on a merchant ship named <i>Katie Hines</i>. Captain Childs took Henson under his wing, treating him like a son and teaching him to read and write.<sup> </sup>He was remembered as the only non-Inuit who became skilled in driving the dog sleds and training dog teams in the Inuit way. He was a skilled craftsman, often coming up with solutions for what the team needed in the harsh Arctic conditions; they learned to build <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igloos" title="Igloos">igloos</a> out of snow, for mobile housing as they traveled. He and Peary with their teams covered thousands of miles in dog sleds and reached the "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farthest_North" title="Farthest North">Farthest North</a>" point of any Arctic expedition in 1906.<sup> </sup>. In 1944 Congress awarded him and five other Peary aides duplicates of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peary_Polar_Expedition_Medal" title="Peary Polar Expedition Medal">Peary Polar Expedition Medal</a>, a silver medal given to Peary.<sup> </sup>Presidents <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Truman</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Eisenhower</a> both honored Henson before he died in 1955. <a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="33" style="height: 364px; left: 173px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 279px;"><img class="mainImage" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQIjwtmJAbrWwtk9dXWCTKL9_0zJv85HeAQdpaYzTIWmvhnjcv_224Z9I0E_fRbi2R9Upqzwi8bNJIhlRFq10Mh0GO3s11zes7zzC8Zfb2JX7tchHEO6jnD4VwYsJQr1JDdVshQWHRbRw/s200/94559-050-B368B6AF.jpg" width="153" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="34" style="height: 301px; left: 182px; top: 31.5px; visibility: visible; width: 260px;"><img class="mainImage" height="200" src="http://img1.imagesbn.com/p/9780736852494_p0_v1_s260x420.jpg" width="172" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="50" style="height: 300px; left: 201px; top: 32px; visibility: visible; width: 223px;"><img class="mainImage" height="200" src="http://ts4.mm.bing.net/th?id=HN.608005578071802049&pid=1.7" style="background-color: white;" width="148" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="55" style="height: 364px; left: 180px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 264px;"><img class="mainImage" height="200" src="http://www.matthewhenson.com/MattClassics/hensonposterpeary300.jpg" width="145" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="71" style="height: 364px; left: 159px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 307px;"><img class="mainImage" height="200" src="http://d.gr-assets.com/books/1320486617l/2673407.jpg" width="168" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="72" style="height: 364px; left: 183px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 258px;"><img class="mainImage" height="200" src="http://www.sanpedrocactus1.com/0001bookstore_2012/DC_UK/DC_Brit_ED2.jpg" width="141" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="11" style="height: 364px; left: 22px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 580px;"><img class="mainImage" height="125" src="http://www.matthewhenson.com/matthewhenson/2009_JPEGS/henson22_stamp800.jpg" style="background-color: white;" width="200" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="15" style="height: 244px; left: 5px; top: 60px; visibility: visible; width: 615px;"><img class="mainImage" height="79" src="http://www.ccboe.com/images/schools/SchoolBuildings/MatthewHenson.jpg" width="200" /></a>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18135692495765366075noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7310540659495852187.post-34106383227797492622014-12-07T12:19:00.002-08:002014-12-07T12:22:53.490-08:00Jean Baptiste Point du Sable was the 1st settler and 1st Black resident of Chicago.<a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="10" style="clear: right; float: right; height: 202px; left: 195px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 129px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://www.usapostagestamps.com/images/image.php?content_id=1772" height="200" width="128" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="0" style="clear: left; float: left; height: 199px; left: 192px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; top: 22px; visibility: visible; width: 151px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://www.grioo.com/images/rubriques/6/9259.jpg" height="200" style="background-color: white;" width="150" /></a>Jean Baptiste Point du Sable was the 1st settler of Chicago. He was also the city's 1st black resident.<br />
As a free black man, Point du Sable is believed to have been born most likely in Haiti sometime before 1750. From 1768 or so, Point du Sable operated as an <i>engagé</i>, a fur trader with an official license from the British government. In the early years of the United States, Point du Sable was managing a trading post in Indiana. The area was officially Indian-owned (he was a tenant) and Point du Sable was harassed by both British and American troops who passed through the Midwest. By 1788 he had established a farm in Chicago and lived there with his wife, Catherine, a son and a daughter. In the years that the family lived there, they provided some stability to an area that was primarily frequented by peripatetic traders. With the end of the Revolutionary War, Point du Sable's farm prospered. People as far away as the East coast knew Point du Sable as the only source of farmed produce in the area. <a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="5" style="height: 364px; left: 191px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 243px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://caribiolit.files.wordpress.com/2014/02/jean_baptiste_point_du_sable.jpg?w=584&h=872" height="200" width="133" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="13" style="height: 300px; left: 201px; top: 32px; visibility: visible; width: 222px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://www.learnquebec.ca/en/content/curriculum/social_sciences/features/missingpages/images/u2p46.gif" height="200" width="148" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="22" style="height: 364px; left: 160px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 304px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://media-cache-ec0.pinimg.com/736x/24/83/f7/2483f794cae8b5cc508ac915495e3238.jpg" height="200" width="167" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="34" style="height: 126px; left: 212px; top: 119px; visibility: visible; width: 200px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Kinzie_House.png/200px-Kinzie_House.png" height="126" width="200" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="30" style="height: 364px; left: 44px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 537px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://www.kreyol.com/xhistory/ducard.jpg" height="135" width="200" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="41" style="height: 364px; left: 195px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 235px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://img2.imagesbn.com/p/9780635015563_p0_v1_s260x420.jpg" height="200" width="129" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="44" style="height: 300px; left: 192px; top: 32px; visibility: visible; width: 240px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://ts4.mm.bing.net/th?id=HN.608033722994722665&pid=1.7" height="200" style="background-color: white;" width="160" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="185" style="height: 364px; left: 219px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 187px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://discoverblackheritage.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/11/dusable-museum.jpg" height="200" width="102" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="48" style="height: 193px; left: 162px; top: 85.5px; visibility: visible; width: 300px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://ts1.mm.bing.net/th?id=HN.608034307107587254&pid=1.7" height="128" style="background-color: white;" width="200" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="191" style="height: 267px; left: 112px; top: 48.5px; visibility: visible; width: 400px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-MjhRaVyZ3Qk/Tf8YLGW4htI/AAAAAAAAg-k/qVdjCiaAhZ4/s200/LI-sculp-DSW-005b.jpg" height="133" width="200" /></a><a class="iol_imc" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" idx="188" style="height: 364px; left: 102px; top: 0px; visibility: visible; width: 420px;"><img class="mainImage" src="http://haitimega.com/upload_news/1311532776340large.jpg" height="173" width="200" /></a>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18135692495765366075noreply@blogger.com0