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Victoria Spivey was an
American blues singer and
songwriter. During a recording career that spanned 40 years, from 1926 to the mid-1960s, she worked with
Louis Armstrong,
King Oliver,
Clarence Williams,
Luis Russell,
Lonnie Johnson, and
Bob Dylan.
She also performed in vaudeville and clubs, sometimes with her sister, Addie "Sweet Pease" Spivey. Among her compositions are "Black Snake Blues", "Dope Head Blues" and "Organ Grinder Blues". In 1962 she initiated her own recording label,
Spivey Records. Spivey's first professional experience was in a family string band led by her father in Houston. After Grant Spivey died, the seven-year-old Victoria played on her own at local parties and, in 1918, was hired to accompany films at the Lincoln Theater in
Dallas.
In 1926, she moved to
St. Louis,
Missouri, where she was signed by
Okeh Records. Her first
recording, "Black Snake Blues", did well, and her association with the
record label continued. In 1929 she switched to the
RCA Victor label. In 1951, Spivey retired from
show business to play the
pipe organ and lead a
church choir, but she returned to
secular music in 1961, when she was reunited with an old singing partner, Lonnie Johnson, to appear on four tracks on his
Prestige Bluesville album,
Idle Hours. In 1962, Spivey and
jazz historian Len Kunstadt launched
Spivey Records, a low-budget label dedicated to blues and related music. They recorded prolifically such performers as
Sippie Wallace, Lucille Hegamin,
Otis Rush,
Otis Spann,
Willie Dixon,
Roosevelt Sykes,
Big Joe Turner,
Buddy Tate and
Hannah Sylvester.
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